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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesNeutron Beam Treatment DeliveryCPT cpt-77423-high-energy-neutron-radiation-technical-component
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    CPT 77423: High-Energy Neutron Radiation Therapy, Technical Component

    CPT code 77423 describes the technical component of high-energy neutron radiation therapy delivered to one or more isocenters, using coplanar or non-coplanar beam geometry with blocking, wedges, and/or compensators; the service is external high-energy neutron beam radiation therapy (technical only) typically performed in an outpatient radiation oncology department or hospital-based radiation therapy suite.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM), Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®), Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient with a locally advanced, radioresistant pelvic sarcoma is referred to radiation oncology for high-energy neutron beam therapy. After multidisciplinary tumor board review and CT/MRI-based simulation, the radiation therapist establishes one or more isocenters to target the gross tumor volume with conformal neutron fields using coplanar and non‑coplanar beam arrangements. Immobilization, CT simulation with contrast, and fusion to diagnostic imaging are performed. The physics team performs treatment planning including beam modeling, blocking, wedges or compensators as needed, and verifies dose distributions and machine parameters. On treatment days the radiation therapy technologist positions the patient, aligns to the designated isocenter(s) using imaging guidance, applies the blocking/compensators, and delivers the technical component of high‑energy neutron radiation as directed by the radiation oncologist. Typical visits include daily fractions over multiple sessions with physics checks, machine quality assurance, and documentation of delivered dose and any acute patient reactions. Billing uses the technical component code 77423 for delivery of high‑energy neutron treatment to one or more isocenters; the radiation oncologist may separately bill professional services or global codes as appropriate.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    77290Simulation of the treatment area (three-dimensional)CT simulation and image-based localization performed before 77423 planning and delivery
    77301Special radiation physics consultation, treatment plan, complexDosimetry and complex treatment planning typically required prior to neutron therapy delivery
    77431Radiation therapy; complex treatment technique, protracted or multiple fields (professional component)Professional management of complex or protracted radiation therapy that may accompany technical delivery 77423
    77336Continuing medical physics consultation, review and assessment of treatment progressOngoing physics review and chart checks during a course of neutron therapy
    77334Special medical radiation physics consultation, review and reporting of treatment plan radiation parametersAdditional physics services that support accurate delivery of 77423

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    3336C0002X
    3336C0003X
    163WP1700X
    273100000X
    261QR0405X
    207PP0204X
    207K00000X
    152W00000X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Cervical Intervertebral Discuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Responsive Neurostimulation for Focal EpilepsyPremera Bluecross2026-10-14
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    High-Intensity Focused UltrasoundMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Vagal Nerve StimulationAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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