CPT code 76978 represents targeted microbubble contrast–enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with injection of lipid- or protein-coated gas-filled microspheres to assess suspicious lesions or evaluate organ perfusion, most commonly in the liver and kidneys. This procedure matters nationally as CEUS expands clinical use for lesion characterization and real-time vascular assessment, offering a radiation-free alternative to CT or MRI in select cases. Payer coverage and coding recognition affect access to CEUS across settings, influencing diagnostic pathways for oncology and hepatology.

Key payers discussed include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find an overview of how the code is defined, the clinical contexts in which the service is used, and what to expect in terms of typical sites of service. The publication provides benchmark information and policy updates where available, clarifies clinical indications for lesion and perfusion assessment, and outlines documentation elements relevant to billing CEUS. Data not available in the input for specific modifiers, taxonomies, and ICD-10 pairings is noted where applicable.