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    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures of the Gastrointestinal TractCPT cpt-74328-endoscopic-biliary-duct-fluoroscopic-s-and-i
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    CPT 74328: Endoscopic Biliary Duct Fluoroscopic Imaging Supervision and Interpretation

    Medicare pays $25 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 74328 describes imaging supervision and interpretation for endoscopic biliary duct catheterization performed with fluoroscopy: the provider supervises and interprets X‑ray imaging while an endoscope is inserted into the bile ducts, contrast is administered, and fluoroscopic images are obtained to evaluate for tumors, strictures, stones, or other ductal abnormalities; this represents a radiologic service provided during an endoscopic biliary procedure, typically performed in an endoscopy suite, interventional radiology suite, or hospital outpatient setting.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant Testing.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient presents with obstructive jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, and abnormal liver function tests suggesting biliary obstruction. The gastroenterologist schedules an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic biliary duct catheterization. During the procedure, the endoscopist cannulates the common bile duct, injects iodinated contrast, and obtains real-time fluoroscopic images to evaluate for choledocholithiasis, strictures, or neoplasm. A radiologist or the endoscopist documents supervision and interpretation of the fluoroscopic imaging as a separately reportable service using 74328. The clinical workflow includes pre-procedure consent and review of indications, intra-procedure fluoroscopic imaging with contrast administration and image acquisition, interpretation of findings, and generation of a fluoroscopy report. Images are archived to the PACS and the imaging interpretation is included in the patient record. Billing for 74328 represents only the imaging supervision and interpretation component, distinct from the endoscopic or therapeutic components of the ERCP.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    43260Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with diagnostic cannulation of the pancreatic and/or biliary duct(s)Represents the endoscopic biliary duct catheterization procedure for which 74328 provides the separate imaging supervision and interpretation
    43262Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; with removal of stone(s) from biliary tractTherapeutic ERCP often follows diagnostic imaging; imaging interpretation supports decision for stone removal
    47562Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; with cholangiographyIntraoperative cholangiography is a related biliary imaging study; 74328 is specific to endoscopic fluoroscopic interpretation
    77002Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement (e.g., biopsy, aspiration)Another fluoroscopic supervision/interpretation code demonstrating modality similarity; used when fluoroscopic guidance is billed separately
    43264Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, diagnostic, with sphincterotomy and/or stent placementTherapeutic interventions during ERCP that commonly follow diagnostic fluoroscopic interpretation

    Related Modifiers

    8 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207RC0000XCardiovascular Disease PhysicianAn internist who specializes in diseases of the heart and blood vessels and manages complex cardiac conditions such as heart attacks and life-threaten…
    2080P0208XPediatric Infectious Diseases PhysicianA pediatrician trained to care for children in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. This specialist can apply specific know…
    207RH0000XHematology (Internal Medicine) PhysicianAn internist with additional training who specializes in diseases of the blood, spleen and lymph. This specialist treats conditions such as anemia, cl…
    333300000XEmergency Response System CompaniesA supplier of a personal emergency response system (PERS), which is an electronic device that enables a patient to receive emergency assistance when n…
    261QD0000XDental Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    225100000XPhysical TherapistPhysical therapists (PTs) are licensed health care professionals who diagnose and treat individuals of all ages, from newborns to the very oldest, who…
    364SF0001XFamily Health Clinical Nurse SpecialistPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Clinical Nurse Specialist
    224L00000XPedorthistAn individual who is trained in the management and treatment of conditions of the foot, ankle, and lower extremities requiring fitting, fabricating, a…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    C22.1Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
    C24.1Malignant neoplasm of ampulla of Vater
    E78.5Hyperlipidemia, unspecified
    E83.50Unspecified disorder of calcium metabolism
    I85.01Esophageal varices with bleeding
    I85.11Secondary esophageal varices with bleeding
    K21.9Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis
    K25.9Gastric ulcer, unspecified as acute or chronic, without hemorrhage or perforation
    K29.70Gastritis, unspecified, without bleeding
    K52.9Noninfective gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Celiac Disease TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-74210-PHARYNX-CERVICAL-ESOPHAGUS-CONTRAST-STUDY

    CPT 74210: Radiologic Exam of Pharynx and Cervical Esophagus with Contrast

    CPT-74220-ESOPHAGRAM-FLUOROSCOPIC-BARIUM-SWALLOW

    CPT 74220: Fluoroscopic Esophagram (Barium Swallow)

    CPT-74221-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-ESOPHAGRAM-BARIUM-EFFERVESCENT

    CPT 74221: Double-Contrast Esophagram with Barium and Effervescent Agent

    CPT-74230-VIDEOFLUOROSCOPIC-SWALLOW-STUDY

    CPT 74230: Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study

    CPT-74235-ESOPHAGEAL-FOREIGN-BODY-REMOVAL-IMAGING-INTERPRETATION

    CPT 74235: Imaging Supervision for Esophageal Foreign Body Removal

    CPT-74240-UPPER-GASTROINTESTINAL-SERIES-BARIUM-CONTRAST

    CPT 74240: Upper Gastrointestinal Barium Contrast Study

    CPT-74246-UPPER-GI-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-FLUOROSCOPY

    CPT 74246: Upper GI Series with Air and High-Density Barium

    CPT-74248-SMALL-INTESTINE-FOLLOW-THROUGH-AFTER-UPPER-GASTROINTESTINAL-STUDY

    CPT 74248: Small Intestine Follow-Through, Multiple Series

    CPT-74250-SMALL-BOWEL-SINGLE-CONTRAST-BARIUM-STUDY

    CPT 74250: Small Bowel Single‑Contrast Barium Study

    CPT-74251-SMALL-BOWEL-DOUBLE-CONTRAST-ENTERIC-RADIOGRAPHY

    CPT 74251: Small Bowel Double-Contrast Enteroclysis

    Showing 1–10 of 25

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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