Clinical Context
A typical patient is an adult with incomplete eyelid closure (lagophthalmos) causing exposure keratopathy, recurrent corneal epithelial defects, or symptomatic dryness and irritation. The patient often presents to an oculoplastic surgeon or ophthalmologist after conservative treatments (lubricating drops, nightly tape, moisture goggles) fail or when there is a paralytic cause (e.g., facial nerve palsy), traumatic eyelid retraction, or progressive cicatricial disease. Preoperative evaluation includes detailed ophthalmic exam with visual acuity, slit lamp assessment of corneal exposure, eyelid function testing, measurement of palpebral fissure and lagophthalmos, photographic documentation, and counseling about goals (improved closure, symptom relief) and risks (infection, implant migration, ptosis). The procedure is performed in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient operating room under monitored anesthesia care or general anesthesia depending on patient factors. The surgeon inserts a weight or lid load (usually a gold or platinum implant) into the upper eyelid tarsal plate via a small incision, secures the implant, closes the wound, and confirms satisfactory passive closure by gravity. Postoperative care includes topical antibiotics, lubrication, brief activity restrictions, follow-up visits to assess wound healing and implant position, and possible suture adjustment or removal if needed. Documentation should include indication, prior conservative management, details of implant type/weight, anesthesia, laterality, estimated blood loss, complications (if any), and postoperative instructions.