CPT code 64581 covers the open implantation of a sacral nerve neurostimulator electrode array via a transforaminal approach. The code is clinically important because sacral neuromodulation is an established surgical option for refractory urinary and fecal incontinence and certain forms of chronic pelvic pain; its use affects surgical workflows, device utilization, and post‑acute care planning nationwide. Key payers included in this analysis are Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare.

Readers will find a concise national overview of what the code represents, clinical contexts in which the procedure is performed, typical sites of service, and the payer landscape relevant to reimbursement and prior authorization patterns. The publication also outlines common billing modifiers and operational considerations tied to surgical neuromodulation, highlights benchmarking metrics where available, and notes areas where data were not provided. This summary is intended for health policy analysts, revenue cycle professionals, and clinical leaders seeking a compact reference on CPT code 64581 and its role in neuromodulation services.