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CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

CPT code 62223 denotes neurosurgical placement of a ventricular shunt or catheter to divert cerebrospinal fluid to another body cavity, commonly used to treat hydrocephalus. This procedure is clinically significant nationwide because it addresses a potentially life-threatening accumulation of CSF and is associated with notable utilization in both pediatric and adult neurosurgical practice. Payers commonly involved in reimbursement and coverage for this service include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare.

Readers will find a concise overview of the clinical purpose and setting for CPT code 62223, national payer coverage considerations, and the practical billing context for hospitals and surgical centers. The publication summarizes key billing benchmarks where available, typical sites of service and procedure classification, and relevant policy or coverage themes that influence authorization and claims processing for CSF diversion procedures. Data limitations: Data not available in the input for associated taxonomies, specific ICD-10 pairing frequencies, and detailed payer-specific reimbursement rates.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 62223 describes the surgical placement of a shunt or tube from the cerebral ventricles to another body cavity (for example, the abdominal or pleural cavity) to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The procedure is performed to treat conditions such as hydrocephalus, where ventricular enlargement from excess CSF requires diversion to a distal terminus. An endoscope may be used to assist in catheter placement.

Service type: Neurosurgical ventricular shunt placement / CSF diversion procedure

Typical site of service: Operating room or procedure suite in an inpatient or outpatient hospital setting

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CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Neurosurgical ventricular shunt placement / CSF diversion procedure

Typical site of service: Operating room or procedure suite in an inpatient or outpatient hospital setting

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 48-year-old patient presents with progressive headaches, nausea, and gait instability. Neuroimaging demonstrates communicating hydrocephalus with ventricular enlargement and elevated intracranial pressure. After multidisciplinary evaluation, the neurosurgery team schedules placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricle to the peritoneal cavity. The procedure is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. The clinical workflow includes preoperative assessment (neurologic exam, imaging review, consent, perioperative antibiotics), intraoperative placement of the ventricular catheter, subcutaneous tunneling of the catheter, connection to a valve/reservoir, distal catheter placement into the abdominal cavity (or alternate terminus when indicated), intraoperative imaging or endoscopic assistance as needed, postoperative head CT to confirm catheter position and rule out complications, monitoring for infection or shunt malfunction, and discharge planning with outpatient neurosurgery follow-up.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Professional component	Use when reporting the physician's usual service in an office or outpatient setting (rare for operative codes; typically facility billing uses this for professional fee when applicable).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the procedure requires substantially greater work than typical (document rationale in operative note).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not planned but required due to patient condition.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially discontinued or only partially performed.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate, distinct procedure or service not normally reported together.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct surgical components.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Use when applicable for neonatal patients meeting weight criteria.
`78`	Return to operating room for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use when an unplanned return to OR addresses a complication of the initial procedure.
`79`	Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician during the postoperative period	Use when an unrelated procedure is performed during the global period.
`LT`	Left side	Use to identify laterality when applicable for documentation and payer reporting.
`RT`	Right side	Use to identify laterality when applicable for documentation and payer reporting.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when separate incision or site or distinct service is performed (duplicate listed intentionally for emphasis when clinically appropriate).

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`2084P0800X`	Neurosurgery	Primary specialty performing shunt placement and intracranial procedures.
`207P00000X`	Neurological Surgery (Alternative taxonomy)	Neurosurgical subspecialists involved in complex cases.
`208000000X`	General Surgery	May be involved for distal catheter placement into abdominal cavity in select cases.
`363L00000X`	Pediatric Neurosurgery	Performs shunt placement in pediatric patients; weight and age modifiers may apply.
`163W00000X`	Critical Care Medicine	Intensivists provide perioperative critical care management when needed.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`G91.0`	Communicating hydrocephalus	Primary indication for ventricular shunt placement to divert CSF and relieve ventricular enlargement and intracranial hypertension.
`G91.2`	Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	Common adult condition causing gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence; may be treated with shunt placement.
`G91.1`	Obstructive hydrocephalus	Ventricular outflow obstruction that often necessitates CSF diversion via shunt or endoscopic ventriculostomy.
`A41.9`	Sepsis, unspecified organism	Postoperative shunt infection risk; may necessitate shunt removal and antibiotic therapy.
`T85.01XA`	Infection and inflammatory reaction due to cerebrospinal fluid shunt, initial encounter	Direct postoperative complication monitoring and potential indication for revision or removal.
`S06.2X0A`	Diffuse traumatic brain injury without loss of consciousness, initial encounter	Traumatic brain injury can lead to post-traumatic hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement.
`Z48.02`	Encounter for removal of cerebrospinal fluid shunt	Encounter code used when planning or performing removal or revision after initial shunt placement.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`62223`	Insertion of ventricular shunt (e.g., ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculopleural) with or without endoscopic assistance	Primary procedure: placement of a catheter from the cerebral ventricle to an abdominal, pleural, or other terminus to divert CSF.
`61154`	Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak; cranial	May be performed if intraoperative or postoperative CSF leak repair is required related to shunt placement.
`61156`	Exploration of ventricular shunt for removal or revision	Used when evaluating, revising, or removing malfunctioning shunt components during the same or subsequent operative episode.
`62160`	Endoscopic ventriculostomy, without catheter placement	Alternative CSF diversion procedure (third ventriculostomy) that may be performed instead of or in conjunction with shunt placement when anatomy and indication allow.
`62230`	Removal of ventricular shunt or other CSF diversion device	Performed when shunt explantation is required due to infection or malfunction; may follow initial placement.
`92626`	Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (e.g., EEG)	Ancillary monitoring that can be used during shunt procedures in selected high-risk patients to monitor cortical function.

CPT 62180: Ventricular to Cisterna Magna Shunt Placement

CPT-62190-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNT-TO-CARDIAC-OR-JUGULAR-DRAINAGE

CPT 62190: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt to Cardiac or Jugular Drainage

CPT-62192-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNT-PLACEMENT-HYDROCEPHALUS

CPT 62192: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Placement for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62194-INTRACRANIAL-SHUNT-CATHETER-REPLACEMENT-OR-FLUSHING

CPT 62194: Intracranial Shunt Catheter Replacement or Flushing

CPT-62200-VENTRICULOCISTERNOSTOMY-THIRD-VENTRICLE-FENESTRATION

CPT 62200: Ventriculocisternostomy for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62201-ENDOSCOPIC-VENTRICULOCISTERNOSTOMY-FOR-HYDROCEPHALUS

CPT 62201: Endoscopic Ventriculocisternostomy for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62220-CSF-SHUNT-PLACEMENT-VENTRICULAR-DRAINAGE

CPT 62220: Ventricular to Venous CSF Shunt Placement

CPT-62225-VENTRICULAR-CATHETER-REPLACEMENT-FLUSH-CSF-DRAINAGE

CPT 62225: Ventricular Catheter Replacement or Flush for CSF Drainage

CPT-62230-CSF-SHUNT-REVISION-OR-REPLACEMENT

CPT 62230: Revision or Replacement of Malfunctioning CSF Shunt

CPT-62252-PROGRAMMABLE-SHUNT-REPROGRAMMING-CSF-DRAINAGE

CPT 62252: Programmable Shunt Reprogramming for CSF Drainage

Showing 1–10 of 12

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Professional component	Use when reporting the physician's usual service in an office or outpatient setting (rare for operative codes; typically facility billing uses this for professional fee when applicable).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the procedure requires substantially greater work than typical (document rationale in operative note).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not planned but required due to patient condition.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially discontinued or only partially performed.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate, distinct procedure or service not normally reported together.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct surgical components.
`63`	Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg	Use when applicable for neonatal patients meeting weight criteria.
`78`	Return to operating room for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use when an unplanned return to OR addresses a complication of the initial procedure.
`79`	Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician during the postoperative period	Use when an unrelated procedure is performed during the global period.
`LT`	Left side	Use to identify laterality when applicable for documentation and payer reporting.
`RT`	Right side	Use to identify laterality when applicable for documentation and payer reporting.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when separate incision or site or distinct service is performed (duplicate listed intentionally for emphasis when clinically appropriate).

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`2084P0800X`	Neurosurgery	Primary specialty performing shunt placement and intracranial procedures.
`207P00000X`	Neurological Surgery (Alternative taxonomy)	Neurosurgical subspecialists involved in complex cases.
`208000000X`	General Surgery	May be involved for distal catheter placement into abdominal cavity in select cases.
`363L00000X`	Pediatric Neurosurgery	Performs shunt placement in pediatric patients; weight and age modifiers may apply.
`163W00000X`	Critical Care Medicine	Intensivists provide perioperative critical care management when needed.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`G91.0`	Communicating hydrocephalus	Primary indication for ventricular shunt placement to divert CSF and relieve ventricular enlargement and intracranial hypertension.
`G91.2`	Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	Common adult condition causing gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence; may be treated with shunt placement.
`G91.1`	Obstructive hydrocephalus	Ventricular outflow obstruction that often necessitates CSF diversion via shunt or endoscopic ventriculostomy.
`A41.9`	Sepsis, unspecified organism	Postoperative shunt infection risk; may necessitate shunt removal and antibiotic therapy.
`T85.01XA`	Infection and inflammatory reaction due to cerebrospinal fluid shunt, initial encounter	Direct postoperative complication monitoring and potential indication for revision or removal.
`S06.2X0A`	Diffuse traumatic brain injury without loss of consciousness, initial encounter	Traumatic brain injury can lead to post-traumatic hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement.
`Z48.02`	Encounter for removal of cerebrospinal fluid shunt	Encounter code used when planning or performing removal or revision after initial shunt placement.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`62223`	Insertion of ventricular shunt (e.g., ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculopleural) with or without endoscopic assistance	Primary procedure: placement of a catheter from the cerebral ventricle to an abdominal, pleural, or other terminus to divert CSF.
`61154`	Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak; cranial	May be performed if intraoperative or postoperative CSF leak repair is required related to shunt placement.
`61156`	Exploration of ventricular shunt for removal or revision	Used when evaluating, revising, or removing malfunctioning shunt components during the same or subsequent operative episode.
`62160`	Endoscopic ventriculostomy, without catheter placement	Alternative CSF diversion procedure (third ventriculostomy) that may be performed instead of or in conjunction with shunt placement when anatomy and indication allow.
`62230`	Removal of ventricular shunt or other CSF diversion device	Performed when shunt explantation is required due to infection or malfunction; may follow initial placement.
`92626`	Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (e.g., EEG)	Ancillary monitoring that can be used during shunt procedures in selected high-risk patients to monitor cortical function.

CPT 62180: Ventricular to Cisterna Magna Shunt Placement

CPT-62190-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNT-TO-CARDIAC-OR-JUGULAR-DRAINAGE

CPT 62190: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt to Cardiac or Jugular Drainage

CPT-62192-CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID-SHUNT-PLACEMENT-HYDROCEPHALUS

CPT 62192: Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Placement for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62194-INTRACRANIAL-SHUNT-CATHETER-REPLACEMENT-OR-FLUSHING

CPT 62194: Intracranial Shunt Catheter Replacement or Flushing

CPT-62200-VENTRICULOCISTERNOSTOMY-THIRD-VENTRICLE-FENESTRATION

CPT 62200: Ventriculocisternostomy for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62201-ENDOSCOPIC-VENTRICULOCISTERNOSTOMY-FOR-HYDROCEPHALUS

CPT 62201: Endoscopic Ventriculocisternostomy for Hydrocephalus

CPT-62220-CSF-SHUNT-PLACEMENT-VENTRICULAR-DRAINAGE

CPT 62220: Ventricular to Venous CSF Shunt Placement

CPT-62225-VENTRICULAR-CATHETER-REPLACEMENT-FLUSH-CSF-DRAINAGE

CPT 62225: Ventricular Catheter Replacement or Flush for CSF Drainage

CPT-62230-CSF-SHUNT-REVISION-OR-REPLACEMENT

CPT 62230: Revision or Replacement of Malfunctioning CSF Shunt

CPT-62252-PROGRAMMABLE-SHUNT-REPROGRAMMING-CSF-DRAINAGE

CPT 62252: Programmable Shunt Reprogramming for CSF Drainage

Showing 1–10 of 12

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

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Billing Code Overview

CPT 62223: Ventricular Shunt Placement for CSF Diversion

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What procedure is reported by CPT code 62223 and where is it typically performed?

Which modifiers are relevant to CPT 62223 and when would they be used?

What related CPT codes should I consider when billing around shunt placement cases?

Which ICD-10 diagnosis codes are commonly related to CPT 62223 in this content?

Which payers cover this procedure and are reimbursement rates provided?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What procedure is reported by CPT code 62223 and where is it typically performed?

Which modifiers are relevant to CPT 62223 and when would they be used?

What related CPT codes should I consider when billing around shunt placement cases?

Which ICD-10 diagnosis codes are commonly related to CPT 62223 in this content?

Which payers cover this procedure and are reimbursement rates provided?

References