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CPT 61640: Intracranial Angioplasty for Vasospasm

CPT code 61640 denotes endovascular intracranial angioplasty: balloon dilation of an intracranial vessel accessed percutaneously via the femoral artery to relieve vasospasm, often following acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. This procedure is a critical neurointerventional therapy for restoring cerebral blood flow after vasospastic narrowing and can affect clinical outcomes in cerebrovascular care nationwide. Payers commonly involved in coverage and reimbursement include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare.

Readers will find a concise clinical and billing orientation to the procedure, an explanation of typical sites of service, and an overview of common modifiers and payer considerations where available. The publication outlines national reimbursement and coverage context, relevant billing nuances, and clinical indications and setting without state-specific variation. It also highlights common documentation elements and coding relationships to assist billing professionals, payers, and clinical teams in aligning claims with clinical records. Data not provided in the input (for example, specific ICD-10 pairings or taxonomy codes) is noted as unavailable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 61640 describes an intracranial angioplasty procedure in which a provider dilates an intracranial blood vessel using a balloon catheter introduced percutaneously via the femoral artery. The procedure targets vasospasm, a pathological constriction of intracranial arteries that commonly occurs after an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Service type: Endovascular neurointerventional procedure
Typical site of service: Hospital-based interventional radiology or neurosurgery suite (inpatient or outpatient procedural area)

Data not available in the input.

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CPT 61640: Intracranial Angioplasty for Vasospasm

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Endovascular neurointerventional procedure
Typical site of service: Hospital-based interventional radiology or neurosurgery suite (inpatient or outpatient procedural area)

Data not available in the input.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 58-year-old patient presents to the neurocritical care unit several days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with delayed cerebral ischemia and refractory focal neurological deficits. Transcranial Doppler and angiography confirm severe focal vasospasm of the intracranial middle cerebral artery. The neurointerventional team performs percutaneous transfemoral cerebral angiography under general anesthesia; after diagnostic runs, the operator advances a microcatheter and exchanges for a balloon microcatheter to perform intracranial angioplasty. A controlled balloon inflation is used to dilate the vasospastic segment and restore luminal diameter and distal perfusion. Post‑procedure angiographic runs confirm improved vessel caliber and flow. The patient returns to the intensive care unit for neurological monitoring and follow‑up imaging.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Re‑operation or additional procedure unrelated to the original service	Use when the angioplasty is the initial or primary procedure during the encounter and must be designated as the primary service for reimbursement sequencing.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work, time, or technical difficulty substantially exceeds the usual for intracranial angioplasty (document rationale and time).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care is required for reasons that are unrelated to the procedure itself (e.g., medically necessary due to patient condition).
`26`	Professional component	Use when reporting only the physician professional component separate from the facility or technical component.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Rarely used; only if bilateral intracranial angioplasty is performed and payer requires bilateral modifier reporting.
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when additional non‑bundled procedures are performed during the same session in addition to the angioplasty.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the angioplasty is attempted but only partially completed or reduced in scope (document reason).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but discontinued due to extenuating circumstances or patient safety concerns.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate and distinct procedure when multiple endovascular services are performed in anatomically or temporally distinct segments.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons (co‑surgery) during the angioplasty.
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team approach is documented for complex, high‑risk intracranial endovascular cases.
`78`	Return to operating room for related procedure during postoperative period	Use if a related reintervention for the angioplasty is required in the global period.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon is documented and eligible per payer policy.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	Use when a minimal assistant service is documented and allowed by payer.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery	Use when an advanced practice clinician serves as the surgical assistant and the payer recognizes `AS` reporting.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Interventional Neuroradiology	Primary specialty performing intracranial endovascular procedures.
2084P0800X	Interventional Cardiology (Neuro‑endovascular focus)	Some interventional cardiologists trained in neurovascular interventions perform cerebral angioplasty in specialized centers.
207L00000X	Neurological Surgery	Neurosurgeons who perform endovascular intracranial procedures in hybrid suites.
207RX0500X	Diagnostic Radiology	Radiologists with endovascular neurointerventional privileges may perform diagnostic angiography and assist with angioplasty.
208400000X	Vascular Surgery	Vascular surgeons with cerebrovascular endovascular training may participate in select centers.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`I60.0`	Subarachnoid hemorrhage from carotid siphon and bifurcation	Vasospasm can follow aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage of this location and may require intracranial angioplasty if refractory to medical therapy.
`I60.2`	Subarachnoid hemorrhage from posterior communicating artery	Aneurysmal rupture in this location can precipitate delayed cerebral ischemia and focal vasospasm amenable to angioplasty.
`I60.8`	Other subarachnoid hemorrhage	Captures other aneurysmal or non‑aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages where vasospasm may develop.
`I67.6`	Nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous system	Included when intracranial vascular pathology contributes to ischemic complications; angioplasty may be considered in select cerebrovascular interventions.
`I65.29`	Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified carotid artery	Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis or vasospasm management may require transluminal angioplasty in select cases.
`I63.9`	Cerebral infarction, unspecified	Used when cerebral ischemia from vasospasm has resulted in infarction; angioplasty may have been performed to restore perfusion.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`36215`	Selective catheter placement, arterial conduit, with angiography of intracranial arteries	Performed prior to angioplasty for diagnostic vascular imaging and catheter positioning.
`36216`	Selective catheter placement, intracranial, with angiography, each additional vessel	Used for additional diagnostic angiographic runs in separate intracranial vessels during the same session.
`61645`	Transluminal balloon angioplasty, intracranial vessels; initial vessel	Closely related angioplasty code sometimes used for different anatomic descriptors or sequencing; verify payer guidance when multiple angioplasty codes are considered.
`37184`	Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, percutaneous, any method, other peripheral vessel	Used infrequently; included when peripheral vascular access interventions are performed in conjunction with cerebral procedures.
`75962`	Intracranial angiography, radiological supervision and interpretation	Reporting of radiological supervision or interpretation associated with cerebral angiography and procedural imaging support.

CPT 61623: Temporary Balloon Occlusion of Neck Arteries Assisting Vascular Procedure

CPT-61624-TRANSCATHETER-NEURO-EMBOLIZATION-PERMANENT-OCCLUSION

CPT 61624: Transcatheter Neuroembolization for Permanent Vessel Occlusion

CPT-61626-TRANSCATHETER-EMBOLIZATION-HEAD-NECK-EXTRACRANIAL-VESSELS

CPT 61626: Transcatheter Embolization of Extracranial Head/Neck Vessels

CPT-61630-INTRACRANIAL-BALLOON-ANGIOPLASTY

CPT 61630: Intracranial Balloon Angioplasty

CPT-61635-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-STENT-PLACEMENT

CPT 61635: Intracranial Balloon Angioplasty with Stent Placement

CPT-61641-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-BALLOON-DILATATION-MULTI-VESSEL

CPT 61641: Intracranial Angioplasty and Balloon Dilatation, Additional Vessel

CPT-61642-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-BALLOON-DILATATION-SECOND-TERRITORY

CPT 61642: Intracranial Angioplasty and Balloon Dilatation, Additional Vessel

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Re‑operation or additional procedure unrelated to the original service	Use when the angioplasty is the initial or primary procedure during the encounter and must be designated as the primary service for reimbursement sequencing.
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work, time, or technical difficulty substantially exceeds the usual for intracranial angioplasty (document rationale and time).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care is required for reasons that are unrelated to the procedure itself (e.g., medically necessary due to patient condition).
`26`	Professional component	Use when reporting only the physician professional component separate from the facility or technical component.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Rarely used; only if bilateral intracranial angioplasty is performed and payer requires bilateral modifier reporting.
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when additional non‑bundled procedures are performed during the same session in addition to the angioplasty.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the angioplasty is attempted but only partially completed or reduced in scope (document reason).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but discontinued due to extenuating circumstances or patient safety concerns.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use to indicate a separate and distinct procedure when multiple endovascular services are performed in anatomically or temporally distinct segments.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons (co‑surgery) during the angioplasty.
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team approach is documented for complex, high‑risk intracranial endovascular cases.
`78`	Return to operating room for related procedure during postoperative period	Use if a related reintervention for the angioplasty is required in the global period.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon is documented and eligible per payer policy.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	Use when a minimal assistant service is documented and allowed by payer.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery	Use when an advanced practice clinician serves as the surgical assistant and the payer recognizes `AS` reporting.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Interventional Neuroradiology	Primary specialty performing intracranial endovascular procedures.
2084P0800X	Interventional Cardiology (Neuro‑endovascular focus)	Some interventional cardiologists trained in neurovascular interventions perform cerebral angioplasty in specialized centers.
207L00000X	Neurological Surgery	Neurosurgeons who perform endovascular intracranial procedures in hybrid suites.
207RX0500X	Diagnostic Radiology	Radiologists with endovascular neurointerventional privileges may perform diagnostic angiography and assist with angioplasty.
208400000X	Vascular Surgery	Vascular surgeons with cerebrovascular endovascular training may participate in select centers.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`I60.0`	Subarachnoid hemorrhage from carotid siphon and bifurcation	Vasospasm can follow aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage of this location and may require intracranial angioplasty if refractory to medical therapy.
`I60.2`	Subarachnoid hemorrhage from posterior communicating artery	Aneurysmal rupture in this location can precipitate delayed cerebral ischemia and focal vasospasm amenable to angioplasty.
`I60.8`	Other subarachnoid hemorrhage	Captures other aneurysmal or non‑aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages where vasospasm may develop.
`I67.6`	Nonpyogenic thrombosis of intracranial venous system	Included when intracranial vascular pathology contributes to ischemic complications; angioplasty may be considered in select cerebrovascular interventions.
`I65.29`	Occlusion and stenosis of unspecified carotid artery	Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis or vasospasm management may require transluminal angioplasty in select cases.
`I63.9`	Cerebral infarction, unspecified	Used when cerebral ischemia from vasospasm has resulted in infarction; angioplasty may have been performed to restore perfusion.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`36215`	Selective catheter placement, arterial conduit, with angiography of intracranial arteries	Performed prior to angioplasty for diagnostic vascular imaging and catheter positioning.
`36216`	Selective catheter placement, intracranial, with angiography, each additional vessel	Used for additional diagnostic angiographic runs in separate intracranial vessels during the same session.
`61645`	Transluminal balloon angioplasty, intracranial vessels; initial vessel	Closely related angioplasty code sometimes used for different anatomic descriptors or sequencing; verify payer guidance when multiple angioplasty codes are considered.
`37184`	Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, percutaneous, any method, other peripheral vessel	Used infrequently; included when peripheral vascular access interventions are performed in conjunction with cerebral procedures.
`75962`	Intracranial angiography, radiological supervision and interpretation	Reporting of radiological supervision or interpretation associated with cerebral angiography and procedural imaging support.

CPT 61623: Temporary Balloon Occlusion of Neck Arteries Assisting Vascular Procedure

CPT-61624-TRANSCATHETER-NEURO-EMBOLIZATION-PERMANENT-OCCLUSION

CPT 61624: Transcatheter Neuroembolization for Permanent Vessel Occlusion

CPT-61626-TRANSCATHETER-EMBOLIZATION-HEAD-NECK-EXTRACRANIAL-VESSELS

CPT 61626: Transcatheter Embolization of Extracranial Head/Neck Vessels

CPT-61630-INTRACRANIAL-BALLOON-ANGIOPLASTY

CPT 61630: Intracranial Balloon Angioplasty

CPT-61635-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-STENT-PLACEMENT

CPT 61635: Intracranial Balloon Angioplasty with Stent Placement

CPT-61641-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-BALLOON-DILATATION-MULTI-VESSEL

CPT 61641: Intracranial Angioplasty and Balloon Dilatation, Additional Vessel

CPT-61642-INTRACRANIAL-ANGIOPLASTY-BALLOON-DILATATION-SECOND-TERRITORY

CPT 61642: Intracranial Angioplasty and Balloon Dilatation, Additional Vessel

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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CPT 61640: Intracranial Angioplasty for Vasospasm

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 61640: Intracranial Angioplasty for Vasospasm

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References