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CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

CPT code 55821 denotes an open prostatectomy performed through a lower abdominal (suprapubic) incision with removal of the prostate gland and vas deferens and incision/enlargement of the urethra to relieve obstruction. The procedure addresses tumors or persistent benign prostatic enlargement that obstruct urinary flow and may be staged across two surgeries. Nationally, this code represents a major urologic operative service with implications for surgical resource use, inpatient and ambulatory surgical workflow, and postoperative care.

Key payers covered in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise clinical context for the service, typical sites of care, common modifiers used with the code, and how the code fits into surgical service lines. The publication outlines billing and coding considerations, typical utilization patterns for open prostatectomy relative to minimally invasive alternatives, and operational benchmarks where available. Data not provided in the input are noted as unavailable. The content is intended to inform coding staff, revenue cycle professionals, and policy analysts about the clinical and billing profile of CPT code 55821 at a national level.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 55821 describes a surgical procedure in which the provider performs an excision of the prostate gland (prostatectomy) through a lower abdominal incision in the skin crease above the pubic bone. The procedure includes removal of the vas deferens and enlargement/incision of the urethra to restore urinary flow, with measures taken to control blood loss. The described operation is typically performed to treat a prostate tumor or persistent prostatic enlargement that is obstructing urinary flow and may be staged across two separate procedures.

Service type: Open surgical prostatectomy with urethral incision and hemostasis
Typical site of service: Inpatient or outpatient operating room in a hospital or ambulatory surgical center

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CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Open surgical prostatectomy with urethral incision and hemostasis
Typical site of service: Inpatient or outpatient operating room in a hospital or ambulatory surgical center

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 68-year-old male presents with progressive urinary retention, nocturia, weak urinary stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. Evaluation with history, physical exam, serum PSA, urinalysis, and transrectal ultrasound demonstrates a markedly enlarged prostate with obstructive symptoms refractory to medical therapy. Imaging and biopsy exclude metastatic disease but confirm significant benign prostatic hyperplasia or a localized prostate tumor causing outlet obstruction. The urologic surgeon schedules an open suprapubic prostatectomy via a lower abdominal skin crease incision to excise the prostate gland and the vas deferens, perform urethral internal sphincterotomy or enlargement of the urethral meatus as needed, and achieve hemostasis.

Preoperative workflow includes informed consent, optimization of anticoagulation, anesthesia evaluation, and preoperative antibiotics. Intraoperative steps include a lower midline or transverse suprapubic incision, cystotomy or access to the prostate adenoma through the bladder neck, enucleation of the adenomatous tissue or excision of the gland and vas deferens, urethral incision/enlargement as required, and meticulous hemostasis with sutures or cautery. Postoperative care includes urinary catheter drainage, monitoring for bleeding and infection, pain control, and follow-up for catheter removal and assessment of urinary function.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Provider's usual, customary, and reasonable (default)	Use when the service is performed by the billing surgeon without unusual circumstances (routine reporting).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the procedure requires substantially greater effort, time, or complexity than typical for an open suprapubic prostatectomy.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general or spinal anesthesia is rendered but judged unusually risky or complicated due to patient comorbidity.
`26`	Professional component	Generally not applicable to surgical procedure reporting for the surgeon; include only if a separate professional component is billed for a related service.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Use if a bilateral surgical approach is required and payer policy accepts bilateral modifiers for the specific code (rare for this procedure).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when additional distinct procedures are performed at the same session and payer requires modifier `51` to report multiple procedures.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially reduced, discontinued, or not completed as planned.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if the procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons of different specialties or duplication of surgeon role are required and documentation supports concurrent two-surgeon involvement.
`73`	Discontinued outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (ASC) procedure prior to anesthesia	Use if the procedure scheduled in an ASC is cancelled prior to anesthesia administration.
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating room by the same physician following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use for reoperation during the global period to treat a complication related to the original suprapubic prostatectomy.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon provides significant intraoperative assistance and payer accepts this modifier.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	Use when minimal assistant contribution is documented.
`82`	Assistant surgeon when a qualified resident is unavailable	Use when a non-physician resident or no resident is available and an assistant surgeon is required.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services as surgeon	Use when reporting services performed by an advanced practice clinician acting as the primary surgeon where payer policy allows.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Urology	Primary specialty performing prostate excision procedures.
208000000X	General Surgery	May perform open pelvic surgery in some settings.
208800000X	Surgical Oncology	Performs oncologic prostate procedures in tumor cases.
363L00000X	Nurse Practitioner	May assist or provide perioperative care depending on state scope.
367500000X	Physician Assistant	May assist intraoperatively and perform perioperative management.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`N40.1`	Enlarged prostate with lower urinary tract symptoms	Common indication for open prostate excision when medical therapy fails and obstruction is severe.
`N40.0`	Enlarged prostate without lower urinary tract symptoms	May be present and progress to symptomatic obstruction requiring surgery.
`C61`	Malignant neoplasm of prostate	Oncologic indication for prostate excision when localized tumor obstructs urinary flow or requires removal.
`R33.9`	Retention of urine, unspecified	Acute or chronic urinary retention is a typical presenting problem prompting surgical decompression.
`N13.8`	Other obstructive and reflux uropathy	Secondary obstructive uropathy from prostatic enlargement that may necessitate surgical correction.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`52000`	Cystourethroscopy, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)	Diagnostic endoscopic evaluation of the bladder and urethra preoperatively or intraoperatively to assess obstruction or to rule out intravesical pathology.
`52310`	Cystourethroscopy, with removal of foreign body, calculus, or ureteral catheterization; with ureteroscopy and removal of ureteral stone	Used if concurrent bladder neck stone or endoscopic stone treatment is required before or during prostate surgery.
`52601`	Transurethral removal of prostate tissue, including control of bleeding (TURP)	An alternative or staged endoscopic approach; may be performed before or after open suprapubic prostatectomy in staged care.
`53840`	Urethrotomy, direct vision (internal urethrotomy)	If urethral enlargement or incision is required beyond the open approach, a formal urethrotomy may be coded.
`55250`	Biopsy of the penis (separate procedure)	Not commonly concurrent but included for completeness when genital tract biopsies are necessary during oncologic procedures.
`55866`	Radical prostatectomy, retropubic, with or without nerve sparing; includes pelvic lymphadenectomy when performed	Used when a radical (oncologic) prostatectomy is performed by alternative approach; relates as an oncologic counterpart to the open suprapubic excision.

CPT 55801: Perineal Prostatectomy for Obstructive Prostate Disease

CPT-55810-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY-FOR-PROSTATE-CANCER

CPT 55810: Perineal Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

CPT-55812-RADICAL-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY

CPT 55812: Radical Perineal Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

CPT-55815-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-LYMPH-NODE-DISSECTION

CPT 55815: Perineal Prostatectomy with Lymph Node Dissection

CPT-55831-OPEN-PROSTATECTOMY-LOWER-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

CPT 55831: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal Approach

CPT-55840-RADICAL-RETROPUBIC-PROSTATECTOMY

CPT 55840: Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

CPT-55842-RADICAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-PELVIC-LYMPH-NODE-REMOVAL

CPT 55842: Radical Prostatectomy with Pelvic Lymph Node Removal

CPT-55845-RADICAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-PELVIC-LYMPH-NODE-DISSECTION

CPT 55845: Radical Prostatectomy with Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection

CPT-55860-PERINEAL-ACCESS-FOR-PROSTATE-BRACHYTHERAPY

CPT 55860: Perineal Access for Prostate Brachytherapy

CPT-55862-PROSTATE-PERINEAL-ACCESS-BRACHYTHERAPY-LYMPH-NODE-SAMPLING

CPT 55862: Perineal Prostate Access for Brachytherapy with Lymph Node Sampling

Showing 1–10 of 11

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Provider's usual, customary, and reasonable (default)	Use when the service is performed by the billing surgeon without unusual circumstances (routine reporting).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when the procedure requires substantially greater effort, time, or complexity than typical for an open suprapubic prostatectomy.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general or spinal anesthesia is rendered but judged unusually risky or complicated due to patient comorbidity.
`26`	Professional component	Generally not applicable to surgical procedure reporting for the surgeon; include only if a separate professional component is billed for a related service.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Use if a bilateral surgical approach is required and payer policy accepts bilateral modifiers for the specific code (rare for this procedure).
`51`	Multiple procedures	Use when additional distinct procedures are performed at the same session and payer requires modifier `51` to report multiple procedures.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially reduced, discontinued, or not completed as planned.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if the procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons of different specialties or duplication of surgeon role are required and documentation supports concurrent two-surgeon involvement.
`73`	Discontinued outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (ASC) procedure prior to anesthesia	Use if the procedure scheduled in an ASC is cancelled prior to anesthesia administration.
`78`	Unplanned return to the operating room by the same physician following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period	Use for reoperation during the global period to treat a complication related to the original suprapubic prostatectomy.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon provides significant intraoperative assistance and payer accepts this modifier.
`81`	Minimum assistant surgeon	Use when minimal assistant contribution is documented.
`82`	Assistant surgeon when a qualified resident is unavailable	Use when a non-physician resident or no resident is available and an assistant surgeon is required.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services as surgeon	Use when reporting services performed by an advanced practice clinician acting as the primary surgeon where payer policy allows.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
207RH0000X	Urology	Primary specialty performing prostate excision procedures.
208000000X	General Surgery	May perform open pelvic surgery in some settings.
208800000X	Surgical Oncology	Performs oncologic prostate procedures in tumor cases.
363L00000X	Nurse Practitioner	May assist or provide perioperative care depending on state scope.
367500000X	Physician Assistant	May assist intraoperatively and perform perioperative management.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`N40.1`	Enlarged prostate with lower urinary tract symptoms	Common indication for open prostate excision when medical therapy fails and obstruction is severe.
`N40.0`	Enlarged prostate without lower urinary tract symptoms	May be present and progress to symptomatic obstruction requiring surgery.
`C61`	Malignant neoplasm of prostate	Oncologic indication for prostate excision when localized tumor obstructs urinary flow or requires removal.
`R33.9`	Retention of urine, unspecified	Acute or chronic urinary retention is a typical presenting problem prompting surgical decompression.
`N13.8`	Other obstructive and reflux uropathy	Secondary obstructive uropathy from prostatic enlargement that may necessitate surgical correction.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`52000`	Cystourethroscopy, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing, when performed (separate procedure)	Diagnostic endoscopic evaluation of the bladder and urethra preoperatively or intraoperatively to assess obstruction or to rule out intravesical pathology.
`52310`	Cystourethroscopy, with removal of foreign body, calculus, or ureteral catheterization; with ureteroscopy and removal of ureteral stone	Used if concurrent bladder neck stone or endoscopic stone treatment is required before or during prostate surgery.
`52601`	Transurethral removal of prostate tissue, including control of bleeding (TURP)	An alternative or staged endoscopic approach; may be performed before or after open suprapubic prostatectomy in staged care.
`53840`	Urethrotomy, direct vision (internal urethrotomy)	If urethral enlargement or incision is required beyond the open approach, a formal urethrotomy may be coded.
`55250`	Biopsy of the penis (separate procedure)	Not commonly concurrent but included for completeness when genital tract biopsies are necessary during oncologic procedures.
`55866`	Radical prostatectomy, retropubic, with or without nerve sparing; includes pelvic lymphadenectomy when performed	Used when a radical (oncologic) prostatectomy is performed by alternative approach; relates as an oncologic counterpart to the open suprapubic excision.

CPT 55801: Perineal Prostatectomy for Obstructive Prostate Disease

CPT-55810-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY-FOR-PROSTATE-CANCER

CPT 55810: Perineal Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

CPT-55812-RADICAL-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY

CPT 55812: Radical Perineal Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

CPT-55815-PERINEAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-LYMPH-NODE-DISSECTION

CPT 55815: Perineal Prostatectomy with Lymph Node Dissection

CPT-55831-OPEN-PROSTATECTOMY-LOWER-ABDOMINAL-APPROACH

CPT 55831: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal Approach

CPT-55840-RADICAL-RETROPUBIC-PROSTATECTOMY

CPT 55840: Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy

CPT-55842-RADICAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-PELVIC-LYMPH-NODE-REMOVAL

CPT 55842: Radical Prostatectomy with Pelvic Lymph Node Removal

CPT-55845-RADICAL-PROSTATECTOMY-WITH-PELVIC-LYMPH-NODE-DISSECTION

CPT 55845: Radical Prostatectomy with Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection

CPT-55860-PERINEAL-ACCESS-FOR-PROSTATE-BRACHYTHERAPY

CPT 55860: Perineal Access for Prostate Brachytherapy

CPT-55862-PROSTATE-PERINEAL-ACCESS-BRACHYTHERAPY-LYMPH-NODE-SAMPLING

CPT 55862: Perineal Prostate Access for Brachytherapy with Lymph Node Sampling

Showing 1–10 of 11

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

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CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

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Billing Code Overview

CPT 55821: Open Prostatectomy via Lower Abdominal (Suprapubic) Approach

Sign up for cpt 55821 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What procedure does CPT 55821 describe?

What are the typical clinical indications for using this code?

Which modifiers are commonly used with CPT 55821 and when would they apply?

Are there related CPT codes I should consider when billing around this procedure?

Where is CPT 55821 typically performed and which payers are referenced for coverage?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What procedure does CPT 55821 describe?

What are the typical clinical indications for using this code?

Which modifiers are commonly used with CPT 55821 and when would they apply?

Are there related CPT codes I should consider when billing around this procedure?

Where is CPT 55821 typically performed and which payers are referenced for coverage?

References