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    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the Spermatic CordCPT cpt-55540-varicocele-excision-ligation-hernia-repair
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    CPT 55540: Varicocele Excision or Spermatic Vein Ligation with Hernia Repair

    Medicare pays $547 and commercial payers pay $2474 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 55540 describes surgical excision of a varicocele or ligation of one or more spermatic veins with concurrent hernia repair; this is a surgical procedure typically performed in an operating room or ambulatory surgery center under regional or general anesthesia for treatment of dilated veins in the spermatic cord often extending into the scrotum.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Removal of Implantable, Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Service, Surgical Procedures.

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Medicare’s mean rate of $546.6 sits notably below BUCA’s average commercial mean of $2,473.8, highlighting a substantial gap between government reimbursement and this commercial benchmark. That spread of $1,927.2 underscores how commercial networks can pay multiples of Medicare for CPT 55540, with BUCA’s mean roughly 4.5 times Medicare’s mean.

    Dispersion (P75 minus P25) varies by payer: Blue Cross Blue Shield has the widest interquartile spread at $4,019.5 ($5,286.7 - $1,267.2), reflecting very broad commercial variability, while Aetna’s spread is $483.1 ($563.0 - $88.6), one of the tighter distributions. UnitedHealth Group and Cigna show intermediate spreads of $633.6 ($1,216.5 - $583.9) and $614.6 ($1,166.3 - $551.7) respectively, indicating moderate variability across commercial payers.

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    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Rate by payer

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 28-year-old male presents to a urology clinic with a several-month history of left-sided scrotal fullness, aching pain after standing or exercise, and decreased sperm parameters on fertility testing. Physical examination reveals a palpable, compressible mass superior to the testis that increases with Valsalva, consistent with a varicocele. Scrotal ultrasound confirms dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins without hydrocele. After conservative measures and fertility counseling, the patient elects operative management.

    The typical clinical workflow includes preoperative evaluation (history, physical exam, scrotal ultrasound, laboratory testing as indicated), informed consent documenting risks/benefits and fertility considerations, scheduling as an outpatient surgical case, performance of the procedure (excision of varicocele or ligation of spermatic veins via inguinal or subinguinal approach), intraoperative documentation of laterality and technique, postoperative recovery and discharge with instructions, and routine follow-up to assess pain resolution and fertility outcomes. If an encysted hydrocele of the spermatic cord is encountered or coexisting hydrocele is present, concurrent repair or excision may be documented and coded as appropriate.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    55040Excision of spermatocele, unilateral or bilateralAlternative scrotal surgery for a spermatocele; may be performed instead of or along with varicocele/spermatic cord procedures when both lesions are present.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    73Modifier 73 indicates a facility-level outpatient hospital or ASC procedure that was discontinued after the patient was prepared and taken to the procedure/operating room but before any anesthesia…- When to use: Apply CPT modifier 73 on the FACILITY (outpatient hospital or ASC) claim when the patient has been fully prepared and physically taken into the procedure/operating room but the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208800000X
    208600000X
    2088P0231X
    253Z00000X
    246ZE0500X
    163WU0100X
    207RG0300X
    207RH0005X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    4 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    N43.0Encysted hydrocele
    N43.2Other hydrocele
    N43.3Hydrocele, unspecified
    N43.4

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: General Surgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Removal of ImplantableBlue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-10-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of ServiceUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Surgical ProceduresUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Surgical or Diagnostic Procedures in AdultsPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Select — Site of Service for Ambulatory Surgical Procedures (ASC Select)Premera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Site of Service Ambulatory Service Center (ASC) SelectPremera Bluecross2026-09-01
    Medical Necessity Guidelines Inpatient Surgical CareMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-08-01
    Outpatient Surgical Procedures - Site of Servicesierra health and life2026-08-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-55500-SPERMATOCELE-EXCISION-SPERMATIC-CORD

    CPT 55500: Excision of Hydrocele/Spermatic Cord Lesion

    CPT-55520-SPERMATIC-CORD-EXCISION-SCROTAL-SURGERY

    CPT 55520: Spermatic Cord Resection in the Scrotum

    CPT-55530-SCROTAL-EXCISION-VARICOCELE-SPERMATIC-VEIN

    CPT 55530: Excision of Varicocele, Scrotal Approach

    CPT-55535-ABDOMINAL-VARICOCELE-REPAIR-LIGATION-SPERMATIC-VEINS

    CPT 55535: Ligation or Excision of Varicocele via Abdominal Incision

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

    55060Excision of varicocele or ligation of spermatic veins for varicocele; abdominal approachRelated approach-specific code; used when an abdominal (retroperitoneal/inguinal) approach is used rather than inguinal/subinguinal technique.
    55100Drainage of hydrocele, tunica vaginalisPerformed when a hydrocele is present and requires drainage or repair; may be performed concurrently or staged with varicocele surgery depending on findings.
    55250Vasectomy, unilateral or bilateral (separate procedure), including postoperative semen examination(s)Distinct scrotal procedure that may be performed during the same operative session in select cases; documentation must support separate procedure coding.