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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIncision Procedures on the BladderCPT cpt-51050-open-bladder-stone-extraction
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    CPT 51050: Open Bladder Incision for Stone Removal

    Medicare pays $443 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 51050 describes an open surgical procedure in which the provider makes an incision in the urinary bladder to remove a bladder calculus (stone) without resection of the bladder neck; service type: surgical removal of bladder stone (cystolithotomy); typical site of service: operating room or inpatient surgical suite, often performed under regional or general anesthesia.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Dental Anesthesia Services, Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an Adult, General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation Services.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old male presents with lower abdominal pain, urinary frequency, and intermittent gross hematuria. Imaging (KUB radiograph and non-contrast CT) demonstrates a 2.5 cm radiopaque calculus within the urinary bladder causing recurrent urinary tract infections and obstructive voiding symptoms. Conservative removal attempts with transurethral extraction under cystoscopic guidance were unsuccessful due to the stone's size and embedded position. The urologist schedules an open cystolithotomy for direct access to the bladder and stone removal. The clinical workflow includes preoperative evaluation (history, physical, urinalysis, urine culture with targeted antibiotics if infected), informed consent discussing risks (bleeding, infection, injury to adjacent structures), preoperative anesthesia evaluation and site verification, operative incision and cystotomy, stone extraction without bladder neck resection, bladder closure with layers and drain as indicated, postoperative monitoring for hematuria and urinary retention, pain control, and follow-up for wound and bladder healing. Typical perioperative documentation includes indication, imaging reports, operative note describing incision into the bladder and stone removal, estimated blood loss, specimen disposition, and postoperative instructions for urinary catheter management and activity restrictions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    51040Cystolithotomy, including drainage of diverticulum (separate procedure)Alternative or related open bladder stone procedure; may be coded when diverticulum drainage is performed with stone removal
    52310Cystourethroscopy, diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washingOften performed preoperatively or intraoperatively for diagnostic visualization prior to deciding open cystolithotomy
    52320Cystourethroscopy, diagnostic, with removal of foreign body or calculus by forcepsPerformed when transurethral cystoscopic stone extraction is attempted and may precede conversion to open cystolithotomy if unsuccessful
    50590Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), renal and ureteral stonesAlternative, less invasive treatment for urinary calculi when anatomy and stone characteristics permit; may be considered before open surgery
    51990Insertion of temporary bladder catheter (eg, Foley)Performed preoperatively or postoperatively for bladder drainage and bladder irrigation after cystolithotomy
    11010Debridement of skin/soft tissue for wound management (minor)May be used if the operative incision requires additional soft tissue management or debridement at the same session

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208800000X
    207L00000X
    2080P0206X
    207QS1201X
    103TP2700X
    207LH0002X
    335U00000X
    2865X1600X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    29 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    E86.0Dehydration
    E87.1Hypo-osmolality and hyponatremia
    I12.9Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 1 through stage 4 chronic kidney disease, or unspecified chronic kidney disease
    N13.6Pyonephrosis
    N20.0Calculus of kidney
    N20.1Calculus of ureter
    N20.2Calculus of kidney with calculus of ureter
    N21.0Calculus in bladder
    N21.1Calculus in urethra
    N21.8Other lower urinary tract calculus

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Anesthesiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Dental Anesthesia ServicesProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Anesthesia Services for Interventional Pain Management Procedures in an AdultCigna2026-09-15
    General Anesthesia and Conscious Sedation ServicesUnitedHealthcare2026-09-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Intravenous Anesthetics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Psychiatric or Substance Use DisordersPremera Bluecross2026-07-01
    Elective Inpatient Services (for Idaho Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-06-01
    Sites of Servicepriority health2026-06-01
    Coverage for Ambulatory Surgery Unit (ASU)/Outpatient Facility and Anesthesia for Dental Servicesuniverahealthcare2026-05-21

    Related Codes

    CPT-51020-BLADDER-CYSTOTOMY-CYSTOSTOMY-WITH-FULGURATION-OR-INTRAVESICAL-THERAPY

    CPT 51020: Cystotomy/Cystostomy with Fulguration or Intracavitary Therapy

    CPT-51040-CYSTOSTOMY-CYSTOTOMY-DRAINAGE

    CPT 51040: Cystostomy/Cystotomy with Bladder Drainage

    CPT-51045-URETERAL-STENT-PLACEMENT-VIA-CYSTOTOMY

    CPT 51045: Cystotomy with Ureteral Stent or Catheter Placement

    CPT-51060-URETERAL-STONE-REMOVAL-WITH-BLADDER-NECK-RESECTION

    CPT 51060: Ureteral Stone Removal via Cystotomy with Bladder Neck Resection

    CPT-51065-URETERAL-STONE-REMOVAL-VIA-CYSTOTOMY

    CPT 51065: Ureteral Calculus Extraction via Cystotomy

    CPT-51080-PERIVESICAL-ABSCESS-INCISION-AND-DRAINAGE

    CPT 51080: Incision and Drainage of Perivesical (Peri‑Bladder) Abscess

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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