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    OpenPayerBilling CodesIncision Procedures on the Biliary TractCPT cpt-47400-hepatic-duct-exploration-and-drainage
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    CPT 47400: Exploration of Hepatic Duct with Incision

    Medicare pays $2003 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 47400 describes an open surgical procedure in which the provider makes an incision into the hepatic duct to inspect the ductal lumen, remove biliary stones, or place a drainage tube; the service type is diagnostic and therapeutic exploration of the biliary tree, and the typical site of service is the operating room or other inpatient/outpatient surgical facility where open biliary surgery is performed.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal Incontinence.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, or abnormal liver function tests suggestive of biliary obstruction or cholangitis. Imaging with ultrasound or CT demonstrates dilated intrahepatic or common hepatic ducts or suspected choledocholithiasis. The surgical team schedules an open or laparoscopic operative cholangiotomy (47400) to incise the hepatic duct for direct exploration, stone removal, ductal irrigation, or placement of a temporary T-tube or drainage catheter. The workflow includes preoperative evaluation (labs, coagulation profile, cross-sectional imaging), informed consent detailing risks of bile leak and infection, general anesthesia, intraoperative cholangiogram or direct inspection, stone extraction or bile duct decompression, and placement of a biliary drainage tube as indicated. Postoperative care includes monitoring for bile leak, serial LFTs, tube care instructions if a T-tube is left in place, and outpatient follow-up with possible tube cholangiography prior to tube removal.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    47562Laparoscopy, surgical; cholecystectomy with exploration of common ductPerformed when cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common duct exploration accompany or precede open exploration of the hepatic duct.
    47563Laparoscopy, surgical; cholecystectomy with exploration of common bile duct, with T-tubeRelated when biliary drainage tube placement is required following duct exploration similar in intent to 47400.
    47540Open cholecystectomyMay be performed in the same operative session when gallbladder disease coexists with choledocholithiasis necessitating 47400.
    47579Unlisted laparoscopic procedure, biliary tractUsed for laparoscopic biliary procedures not otherwise specified when alternative approaches to duct exploration are performed.
    47520Cholangiography, radiological or fluoroscopic; operativeOften performed intraoperatively with 47400 to delineate ductal anatomy and locate stones.
    43264Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy and/or stone extractionMay be performed pre- or postoperatively as a less invasive alternative or adjunct to 47400 for stone removal or ductal decompression.

    Related Modifiers

    14 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…

    Showing 1–10 of 14

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207P00000X
    207RH0000X
    207K00000X
    207L00000X
    208800000X
    1710I1003X
    3336M0003X
    1744R1103X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    27 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    K25.9Gastric ulcer, unspecified as acute or chronic, without hemorrhage or perforation
    K74.60Unspecified cirrhosis of liver
    K75.9Inflammatory liver disease, unspecified
    K80.10Calculus of gallbladder with chronic cholecystitis without obstruction
    K80.20Calculus of gallbladder without cholecystitis without obstruction
    K80.30Calculus of bile duct with cholangitis, unspecified, without obstruction
    K80.40Calculus of bile duct with cholecystitis, unspecified, without obstruction
    K80.50Calculus of bile duct without cholangitis or cholecystitis without obstruction
    K80.60Calculus of gallbladder and bile duct with cholecystitis, unspecified, without obstruction
    K80.70Calculus of gallbladder and bile duct without cholecystitis without obstruction

    Showing 1–10 of 27

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Functional Abdominal Pain Disordersbcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Radiofrequency Therapy for Fecal IncontinenceCigna2026-10-15
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)Premera Bluecross2026-10-01
    Gastroesophageal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Services and ProceduresColorado Rocky Mountain Health Plans2026-10-01
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-47420-COMMON-BILE-DUCT-EXPLORATION-AND-REMOVAL

    CPT 47420: Common Bile Duct Exploration with Incision and Drainage

    CPT-47425-COMMON-BILE-DUCT-EXPLORATION-AND-SPHINCTEROTOMY

    CPT 47425: Common Bile Duct Incision, Exploration, and Sphincterotomy

    CPT-47460-SPHINCTER-OF-ODDI-INCISION-FOR-DUCT-DRAINAGE

    CPT 47460: Sphincterotomy of Sphincter of Oddi, Incision for Drainage

    CPT-47480-GALLBLADDER-INCISION-STONE-REMOVAL-DRAINAGE

    CPT 47480: Cholecystotomy for Stone Removal or Drainage

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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