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CPT 45900: Reduction of Rectal Prolapse, Manual Under Anesthesia

CPT code 45900 denotes a manual reduction of rectal prolapse performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The code captures a focused procedural intervention to return prolapsed rectal tissue into the anal canal and is used in surgical billing for acute or recurrent prolapse requiring anesthetic and operative setting. Nationally, accurate reporting of this code affects procedural case counts, facility utilization, and anesthesia-related billing pathways.

Key payers typically referenced for coverage and reimbursement comparisons include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find an overview of the clinical context for the procedure, typical sites of service, and which payer categories are commonly involved. The publication provides benchmarks and comparative payment context where available, outlines relevant coding relationships, and summarizes policy or coverage considerations that affect claim adjudication.

This summary is intended to give providers, billing professionals, and policy analysts a concise reference to the clinical meaning of CPT code 45900, the operational setting in which it is used, and the payer landscape relevant to national billing and reimbursement discussions.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 45900 describes a procedure for reduction of rectal prolapse performed under general anesthesia in which the provider manually reduces the prolapsed rectal tissue by pushing it back into the anal canal.

Service type: Procedural, operative manual reduction of rectal prolapse
Typical site of service: Operating room or other facility capable of providing general anesthesia and surgical support

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CPT 45900: Reduction of Rectal Prolapse, Manual Under Anesthesia

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Procedural, operative manual reduction of rectal prolapse
Typical site of service: Operating room or other facility capable of providing general anesthesia and surgical support

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A typical patient is an adult who presents to the emergency department or operating room with a full-thickness rectal prolapse that cannot be reduced at bedside due to pain, fecal impaction, edema, or patient discomfort. The patient frequently has comorbidities such as chronic constipation, pelvic floor weakness, or neurologic disorders contributing to prolapse. After evaluation, including focused history, physical exam, and basic labs, the surgeon elects to perform manual reduction under general anesthesia in the OR to allow muscle relaxation and safe manipulation. The clinical workflow includes preoperative consent and anesthesia evaluation, induction of general anesthesia, perineal preparation and positioning, application of manual pressure to reduce the prolapsed rectal segment into the anal canal, assessment for ischemia or necrosis of the mucosa, hemostasis if needed, and postoperative monitoring for recurrence or complications. Postoperative documentation should note the reason for general anesthesia, technique of reduction, findings (viability of tissue), and any immediate interventions or observations.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`23`	Unusual Anesthesia	Use when a procedure that normally does not require general anesthesia is performed under general anesthesia for medical necessity (e.g., inability to tolerate awake reduction).
`22`	Increased Procedural Services	Use when the manual reduction required significantly greater effort or time than typical and documentation supports increased work.
`52`	Reduced Services	Use when the procedure is partially performed or discontinued prior to completion.
`53`	Discontinued Procedure	Use when the procedure is started but aborted due to patient condition or unexpected findings.
`51`	Multiple Procedures	Use when multiple distinct procedures are performed during the same operative session in addition to the reduction.
`59`	Distinct Procedural Service (note: not in provided list)	Data not available in the input.
`62`	Two Surgeons	Use when two surgeons with different skills are required and both actively participate.
`66`	Surgical Team (Note: team surgery)	Use when a surgical team approach is clinically required.
`76`	Repeat Procedure by Same Physician	Data not available in the input.
`80`	Assistant Surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon is present and the payer accepts assistant surgeon billing.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
2080P0220X	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Primary specialty that performs rectal prolapse reduction and definitive repair.
2080P0206X	General Surgery	General surgeons frequently perform emergent perineal reduction and related anorectal procedures.
207RH0000X	Family Medicine	In some settings family physicians with procedural skills may assist or perform reductions in urgent care or rural hospitals.
207L00000X	Emergency Medicine	Emergency physicians often provide initial assessment and may attempt bedside reduction before OR intervention.
207K00000X	Anesthesiology	Anesthesia providers are required when general anesthesia is administered for reduction.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K62.3`	Rectal prolapse	Primary diagnosis indicating full-thickness rectal prolapse requiring reduction.
`K59.00`	Constipation, unspecified	Chronic constipation is a common contributing factor to rectal prolapse.
`N39.0`	Urinary tract infection, site not specified	Perioperative UTI risk or comorbidity in elderly patients undergoing anesthesia.
`R19.4`	Change in bowel habit	Symptom that may be associated with prolapse and bowel dysfunction.
`I10`	Essential (primary) hypertension	Common comorbidity relevant to perioperative management.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`45900`	Reduction of rectal prolapse, perineal approach; manual reduction under anesthesia	Primary procedure performed to reduce a rectal prolapse by manual means under anesthesia.
`45920`	Repair of rectal prolapse, mucosal or full thickness, perineal approach (e.g., Delorme, Thiersch)	Performed when manual reduction is followed by definitive perineal repair procedures to reduce recurrence.
`44615`	Colostomy, transverse or sigmoid; loop	May be performed when ischemia or nonviable bowel is present and diversion is required after failed reduction or necrosis.
`46706`	Repair of hemorrhoids, internal, by transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization or other mucosal procedures	Performed concurrently if significant hemorrhoidal disease is identified and addressed during anorectal surgery.
`51702`	Insertion of temporary indwelling bladder catheter; simple (e.g., Foley)	Common intraoperative adjunct for anesthesia care and perioperative urinary management.

Related Codes

CPT-45905-ANAL-CANAL-DILATION-STRICTURE

CPT 45905: Manual Dilation of Anal Canal Stricture

CPT-45910-RECTAL-STRICTURE-DILATION-MANUAL

CPT 45910: Manual Dilation of Rectal Stricture

CPT-45915-RECTAL-FOREIGN-BODY-OR-FECAL-IMPACTION-REMOVAL-UNDER-ANESTHESIA

CPT 45915: Removal of Rectal Foreign Body or Fecal Impaction Under Anesthesia

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`23`	Unusual Anesthesia	Use when a procedure that normally does not require general anesthesia is performed under general anesthesia for medical necessity (e.g., inability to tolerate awake reduction).
`22`	Increased Procedural Services	Use when the manual reduction required significantly greater effort or time than typical and documentation supports increased work.
`52`	Reduced Services	Use when the procedure is partially performed or discontinued prior to completion.
`53`	Discontinued Procedure	Use when the procedure is started but aborted due to patient condition or unexpected findings.
`51`	Multiple Procedures	Use when multiple distinct procedures are performed during the same operative session in addition to the reduction.
`59`	Distinct Procedural Service (note: not in provided list)	Data not available in the input.
`62`	Two Surgeons	Use when two surgeons with different skills are required and both actively participate.
`66`	Surgical Team (Note: team surgery)	Use when a surgical team approach is clinically required.
`76`	Repeat Procedure by Same Physician	Data not available in the input.
`80`	Assistant Surgeon	Use when an assistant surgeon is present and the payer accepts assistant surgeon billing.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
2080P0220X	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Primary specialty that performs rectal prolapse reduction and definitive repair.
2080P0206X	General Surgery	General surgeons frequently perform emergent perineal reduction and related anorectal procedures.
207RH0000X	Family Medicine	In some settings family physicians with procedural skills may assist or perform reductions in urgent care or rural hospitals.
207L00000X	Emergency Medicine	Emergency physicians often provide initial assessment and may attempt bedside reduction before OR intervention.
207K00000X	Anesthesiology	Anesthesia providers are required when general anesthesia is administered for reduction.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K62.3`	Rectal prolapse	Primary diagnosis indicating full-thickness rectal prolapse requiring reduction.
`K59.00`	Constipation, unspecified	Chronic constipation is a common contributing factor to rectal prolapse.
`N39.0`	Urinary tract infection, site not specified	Perioperative UTI risk or comorbidity in elderly patients undergoing anesthesia.
`R19.4`	Change in bowel habit	Symptom that may be associated with prolapse and bowel dysfunction.
`I10`	Essential (primary) hypertension	Common comorbidity relevant to perioperative management.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`45900`	Reduction of rectal prolapse, perineal approach; manual reduction under anesthesia	Primary procedure performed to reduce a rectal prolapse by manual means under anesthesia.
`45920`	Repair of rectal prolapse, mucosal or full thickness, perineal approach (e.g., Delorme, Thiersch)	Performed when manual reduction is followed by definitive perineal repair procedures to reduce recurrence.
`44615`	Colostomy, transverse or sigmoid; loop	May be performed when ischemia or nonviable bowel is present and diversion is required after failed reduction or necrosis.
`46706`	Repair of hemorrhoids, internal, by transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization or other mucosal procedures	Performed concurrently if significant hemorrhoidal disease is identified and addressed during anorectal surgery.
`51702`	Insertion of temporary indwelling bladder catheter; simple (e.g., Foley)	Common intraoperative adjunct for anesthesia care and perioperative urinary management.

Related Codes

CPT-45905-ANAL-CANAL-DILATION-STRICTURE

CPT 45905: Manual Dilation of Anal Canal Stricture

CPT-45910-RECTAL-STRICTURE-DILATION-MANUAL

CPT 45910: Manual Dilation of Rectal Stricture

CPT-45915-RECTAL-FOREIGN-BODY-OR-FECAL-IMPACTION-REMOVAL-UNDER-ANESTHESIA

CPT 45915: Removal of Rectal Foreign Body or Fecal Impaction Under Anesthesia

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

OpenPayer

CPT 45900: Reduction of Rectal Prolapse, Manual Under Anesthesia

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 45900: Reduction of Rectal Prolapse, Manual Under Anesthesia

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References