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CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

Headline: CPT code 45398: Band ligation during flexible colonoscopy gains attention for targeted anorectal therapy

Lead: CPT code 45398 covers endoscopic ligation of a structure such as a hemorrhoid using a flexible band performed during a flexible colonoscopy. The code captures a focused therapeutic maneuver commonly used to treat symptomatic hemorrhoids and similar anorectal lesions during a diagnostic or screening colonoscopy.

Why it matters: Nationally, procedures that combine diagnostic endoscopy with same-session therapeutic interventions affect coding, billing, and site-of-service considerations across payers. Correct reporting of CPT code 45398 helps ensure that the therapeutic service performed during a flexible colonoscopy is documented separately from the colonoscopy itself, with implications for coverage determinations and claims processing.

Key payers covered: Analysis includes major national payers: Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare.

What readers will learn: The publication outlines the clinical context for CPT code 45398, how the service is characterized in billing terms, common settings where the procedure is performed, and payer-specific coverage patterns and considerations where available. The piece also summarizes national policy developments and coding guidance relevant to endoscopic therapeutic procedures performed during colonoscopy.

Data note: Data not available in the input where specific payer policy details, associated taxonomies, and ICD-10 mappings are not provided.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 45398 describes ligation of a structure such as a hemorrhoid using a flexible band performed during a flexible colonoscopy. This procedure involves placing a band to ligate the targeted anorectal tissue while the clinician is performing a colonoscopic examination.

Service type: Endoscopic therapeutic procedure performed during a flexible colonoscopy
Typical site of service: Ambulatory endoscopy suite or outpatient surgical center where flexible colonoscopy is performed

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CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

Headline: CPT code 45398: Band ligation during flexible colonoscopy gains attention for targeted anorectal therapy

Key payers covered: Analysis includes major national payers: Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare.

Data note: Data not available in the input where specific payer policy details, associated taxonomies, and ICD-10 mappings are not provided.

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Sign up for cpt 45398 policy alerts

Get alerted when payer policies referencing 45398 are released or updated.

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Endoscopic therapeutic procedure performed during a flexible colonoscopy
Typical site of service: Ambulatory endoscopy suite or outpatient surgical center where flexible colonoscopy is performed

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 48-year-old patient presents to an outpatient endoscopy center with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids causing intermittent bright red rectal bleeding and prolapse despite conservative measures. After pre-procedure assessment and informed consent, the patient undergoes a diagnostic flexible colonoscopy with targeted hemorrhoid band ligation performed during the same session. The endoscopist identifies internal hemorrhoidal tissue and deploys one or more elastic bands via a flexible band ligator through the colonoscope to strangulate the hemorrhoid base.

Typical workflow:

Pre-procedure evaluation and bowel preparation verification.
Procedural anesthesia or sedation administered per facility protocol.
Diagnostic flexible colonoscopy to inspect the colon and visualize anorectal pathology.
Identification of internal hemorrhoids amenable to rubber band ligation.
Deployment of elastic bands using a flexible banding device passed through the colonoscope (reported with 45398).
Post-procedure recovery, discharge instructions addressing analgesia, bleeding precautions, and follow-up for band sloughing and symptom assessment.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Professional component	Use when reporting the physician's professional portion distinct from facility technical component (rare for endoscopy codes reported global).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work or time substantially exceeds typical for complex or prolonged band ligation.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is medically necessary for a procedure normally performed with moderate sedation.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially reduced or not completed as planned.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but terminated due to an adverse event or unforeseen complication.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when an unrelated procedure or service is performed in a separate anatomical site during the same session.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons during the same procedure.
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team is reported for complex cases requiring multiple specialists.
`78`	Return to OR for related procedure during post-op period	Use when a related procedure is required emergently after initial banding and patient returns to the operating room.
`79`	(Not in list)	Data not available in the input.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery (PA/NP)	Use when an approved advanced practice clinician performs assistant-at-surgery services per payer rules.
`QK`	Medical direction of two, three, or four concurrent anesthesia procedures involving qualified individuals	Use when the physician directs concurrent anesthesia services during endoscopy.
`QX`	CRNA service: without medical direction by a physician	Use when a CRNA furnishes anesthesia without physician direction.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207RC0000X`	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Colorectal surgeons perform diagnostic colonoscopy and hemorrhoid banding when surgical management is required.
`208000000X`	Gastroenterology	Gastroenterologists commonly perform flexible colonoscopy with band ligation for internal hemorrhoids.
`208D00000X`	General Surgery	General surgeons with endoscopy privileges may perform outpatient band ligation procedures.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`I84.0`	Internal hemorrhoids, without complication	Common indication for endoscopic rubber band ligation for symptomatic internal hemorrhoids.
`I84.2`	Internal hemorrhoids, with other complication	Used when internal hemorrhoids present with complications such as thrombosis or prolapse influencing treatment choice.
`K64.8`	Other specified hemorrhoids	Other hemorrhoidal presentations where band ligation may be considered.
`K64.9`	Hemorrhoid, unspecified	Non-specific hemorrhoid diagnosis often used when documentation does not specify internal vs external.
`K62.5`	Hemorrhage of anus and rectum	Symptom code for rectal bleeding that may prompt diagnostic colonoscopy with concurrent band ligation if internal hemorrhoids are the bleeding source.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`45378`	Diagnostic colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multiple	Frequently performed prior to or during the same session to evaluate colonic mucosa and obtain biopsies if indicated.
`45380`	Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot snare	Performed when polyps are identified and removed during the same colonoscopic exam; distinct from band ligation of hemorrhoids.
`46945`	Hemorrhoidectomy, internal and external, any method; simple, single hemorrhoid	Surgical excision option when band ligation is not suitable or fails; may follow failed `45398` in the care continuum.
`45385`	Colonoscopy, flexible; with control of bleeding, any method	Used when endoscopic hemostasis for active lower GI bleeding is needed; may be reported if hemostatic therapy was performed separate from banding.
`99024`	Postoperative follow-up visit, typically in global period	Used by surgeons or proceduralists for routine post-procedure follow-up related to the band ligation when payer allows.

CPT 45395: Laparoscopic Total Proctectomy with End Colostomy

CPT-45397-LAPAROSCOPIC-PROCTOCOLECTOMY-COLOANAL-ANASTOMOSIS-COLONIC-POUCH

CPT 45397: Laparoscopic Proctocolectomy with Coloanal Anastomosis and Colonic Pouch

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Typical workflow:

Pre-procedure evaluation and bowel preparation verification.
Procedural anesthesia or sedation administered per facility protocol.
Diagnostic flexible colonoscopy to inspect the colon and visualize anorectal pathology.
Identification of internal hemorrhoids amenable to rubber band ligation.
Deployment of elastic bands using a flexible banding device passed through the colonoscope (reported with 45398).
Post-procedure recovery, discharge instructions addressing analgesia, bleeding precautions, and follow-up for band sloughing and symptom assessment.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`11`	Professional component	Use when reporting the physician's professional portion distinct from facility technical component (rare for endoscopy codes reported global).
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when work or time substantially exceeds typical for complex or prolonged band ligation.
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is medically necessary for a procedure normally performed with moderate sedation.
`52`	Reduced services	Use when the procedure is partially reduced or not completed as planned.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use when the procedure is started but terminated due to an adverse event or unforeseen complication.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	Use when an unrelated procedure or service is performed in a separate anatomical site during the same session.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons during the same procedure.
`66`	Surgical team	Use when a surgical team is reported for complex cases requiring multiple specialists.
`78`	Return to OR for related procedure during post-op period	Use when a related procedure is required emergently after initial banding and patient returns to the operating room.
`79`	(Not in list)	Data not available in the input.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery (PA/NP)	Use when an approved advanced practice clinician performs assistant-at-surgery services per payer rules.
`QK`	Medical direction of two, three, or four concurrent anesthesia procedures involving qualified individuals	Use when the physician directs concurrent anesthesia services during endoscopy.
`QX`	CRNA service: without medical direction by a physician	Use when a CRNA furnishes anesthesia without physician direction.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207RC0000X`	Colon and Rectal Surgery	Colorectal surgeons perform diagnostic colonoscopy and hemorrhoid banding when surgical management is required.
`208000000X`	Gastroenterology	Gastroenterologists commonly perform flexible colonoscopy with band ligation for internal hemorrhoids.
`208D00000X`	General Surgery	General surgeons with endoscopy privileges may perform outpatient band ligation procedures.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`I84.0`	Internal hemorrhoids, without complication	Common indication for endoscopic rubber band ligation for symptomatic internal hemorrhoids.
`I84.2`	Internal hemorrhoids, with other complication	Used when internal hemorrhoids present with complications such as thrombosis or prolapse influencing treatment choice.
`K64.8`	Other specified hemorrhoids	Other hemorrhoidal presentations where band ligation may be considered.
`K64.9`	Hemorrhoid, unspecified	Non-specific hemorrhoid diagnosis often used when documentation does not specify internal vs external.
`K62.5`	Hemorrhage of anus and rectum	Symptom code for rectal bleeding that may prompt diagnostic colonoscopy with concurrent band ligation if internal hemorrhoids are the bleeding source.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`45378`	Diagnostic colonoscopy, flexible; with biopsy, single or multiple	Frequently performed prior to or during the same session to evaluate colonic mucosa and obtain biopsies if indicated.
`45380`	Colonoscopy, flexible; with removal of tumor(s), polyp(s), or other lesion(s) by hot snare	Performed when polyps are identified and removed during the same colonoscopic exam; distinct from band ligation of hemorrhoids.
`46945`	Hemorrhoidectomy, internal and external, any method; simple, single hemorrhoid	Surgical excision option when band ligation is not suitable or fails; may follow failed `45398` in the care continuum.
`45385`	Colonoscopy, flexible; with control of bleeding, any method	Used when endoscopic hemostasis for active lower GI bleeding is needed; may be reported if hemostatic therapy was performed separate from banding.
`99024`	Postoperative follow-up visit, typically in global period	Used by surgeons or proceduralists for routine post-procedure follow-up related to the band ligation when payer allows.

CPT 45395: Laparoscopic Total Proctectomy with End Colostomy

CPT-45397-LAPAROSCOPIC-PROCTOCOLECTOMY-COLOANAL-ANASTOMOSIS-COLONIC-POUCH

CPT 45397: Laparoscopic Proctocolectomy with Coloanal Anastomosis and Colonic Pouch

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

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Billing Code Overview

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OpenPayer

CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

Sign up for cpt 45398 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

CPT 45398: Band Ligation During Flexible Colonoscopy

Sign up for cpt 45398 policy alerts

Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What clinical service does CPT 45398 cover?

Where and when is CPT 45398 typically performed?

Which other CPT codes should I consider when band ligation is performed during colonoscopy?

What modifiers are commonly relevant to reporting CPT 45398?

Which diagnosis codes are typically used with CPT 45398?

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

What clinical service does CPT 45398 cover?

Where and when is CPT 45398 typically performed?

Which other CPT codes should I consider when band ligation is performed during colonoscopy?

What modifiers are commonly relevant to reporting CPT 45398?

Which diagnosis codes are typically used with CPT 45398?

References