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CPT 44960: Appendectomy for Ruptured Appendix with Abscess or Peritonitis

CPT code 44960 denotes an appendectomy performed for a ruptured appendix with abscess formation or diffuse peritonitis. Nationally, this code captures a high-acuity, often emergency general surgery procedure used to manage complicated appendicitis and prevent life-threatening intra-abdominal sepsis. Accurate coding for ruptured appendicitis affects clinical documentation, hospital case mix, and reimbursement for complex surgical and inpatient care.

Key payers considered in this profile include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise clinical description, expected site-of-service context, and the common payer landscape. The analysis highlights benchmarks for utilization and payment practices, documentation and policy considerations that influence claim adjudication, and typical clinical scenarios tied to the code.

This publication provides clinicians, coding professionals, and policy analysts with practical context for CPT code 44960: when it is used clinically, how it differs from uncomplicated appendectomy codes, and what payers commonly review for cases involving abscess or peritonitis. Data limitations are noted where input fields were not provided. The focus is national; no state-specific guidance is included.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 44960 describes an appendectomy for ruptured (burst) appendix performed because of abscess formation or generalized peritonitis. The procedure involves removal of the appendix, a saclike structure located in the right lower quadrant at the junction of the small and large intestines, to control infection and prevent further intra-abdominal complications.

Service type: Surgical — Emergency/Acute Abdominal Surgery

Typical site of service: Inpatient hospital operating room or emergency surgical suite for patients presenting with abscess or widespread peritonitis.

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CPT 44960: Appendectomy for Ruptured Appendix with Abscess or Peritonitis

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Billing Code Overview

Service type: Surgical — Emergency/Acute Abdominal Surgery

Typical site of service: Inpatient hospital operating room or emergency surgical suite for patients presenting with abscess or widespread peritonitis.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A 28-year-old adult presents to the emergency department with 24–48 hours of worsening right lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and leukocytosis. Imaging (abdominal CT) demonstrates a ruptured appendix with periappendiceal fluid and an adjacent abscess with scattered free intraperitoneal fluid. The patient is taken emergently to the operating room for an open appendectomy for removal of a ruptured (burst) appendix due to abscess formation and localized or generalized peritonitis. The clinical workflow includes preoperative resuscitation and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, informed consent documenting the diagnosis and need for urgent surgery, general endotracheal anesthesia, possible abdominal irrigation and drainage of abscess, control of contamination, placement of drains if indicated, and postoperative monitoring in the PACU and surgical ward with continued antibiotics and pain control. Discharge planning addresses wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up for drain removal or wound check.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when intraoperative work is substantially greater than usual (extensive adhesiolysis, large abscess drainage).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not administered due to patient risk and documented unusual anesthesia is required.
`26`	Professional component	Use if reporting only the surgeon's professional component separate from technical facility services (rare for OR procedures).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Not typically applicable for appendectomy; included when a bilateral anatomic procedure is reported (not common).
`52`	Reduced services	Use if the planned procedure is partially reduced or aborted for documented reasons (e.g., unstable patient).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if procedure is started but discontinued due to patient instability prior to completing appendectomy.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons because of complexity (extensive contamination, unusual anatomy).
`66`	Surgical team approach	Use when multiple surgical specialists perform distinct portions of a complex operative plan.
`78`	Unplanned return to OR for related procedure during the postoperative global period	Use for an unplanned reoperation for complications like postoperative abscess requiring re-exploration.
`79`	Unrelated procedure or service by same physician during global period	Use when an unrelated operative service is performed during the global period.
`LT`	Left side (site)	Use if laterality is required by payer systems; appendectomy typically right-sided but bilateral site modifiers sometimes used per local policy.
`RT`	Right side (site)	Use to indicate right-sided procedure when systems require laterality.
`AS`	Ambulatory surgical center	Use when the procedure is performed in an ambulatory surgical center setting.
`ET`	Endoscopic procedure converted to open	Use when a laparoscopic appendectomy is converted to an open appendectomy due to rupture/adhesions.
`QX`	Ordering/servicing/performing practitioners billing with modifier QK/QY	Use when a qualified nonphysician practitioner performs part of the service under appropriate supervision.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
208100000X	General Surgery	Primary specialty performing open appendectomy for ruptured appendix.
2080S0004X	Acute Care Surgery	Surgeons focusing on emergent abdominal operations and trauma/acute care.
207L00000X	Colon and Rectal Surgery	May be involved for complex right lower quadrant infectious disease or pelvic abscess.
2086S0105X	Surgical Critical Care	Participates in management of critically ill postoperative patients.
363LP0800X	Physician Assistant	Common operative first assist or provider involved in perioperative care.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K35.2`	Acute appendicitis with generalized peritonitis	Direct indication for emergent appendectomy for ruptured appendix with diffuse peritoneal inflammation.
`K35.3`	Acute appendicitis with localized peritonitis	Localized peritonitis may accompany rupture and abscess formation necessitating appendectomy.
`K35.8`	Other acute appendicitis	Includes other presentations of acute appendicitis that may progress to rupture.
`K36`	Other appendicitis	Less common subtypes presenting similarly and potentially requiring appendectomy.
`K37`	Unspecified appendicitis	Used when documentation does not specify type; often present in acute surgical setting.
`K65.0`	Acute peritonitis	Peritonitis from appendiceal rupture is a direct clinical complication prompting operative management.
`K65.1`	Chronic peritonitis	Rarely associated but may be listed if chronic inflammatory changes are present.
`N17.9`	Acute kidney failure, unspecified	Possible complication of sepsis from ruptured appendix requiring critical care management and relevant to perioperative coding.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`44960`	Appendectomy, ruptured (burst) appendix	Primary procedure for removal of a ruptured appendix with abscess or peritonitis.
`49650`	Excision of intra-abdominal abscess, percutaneous or open, diagnostic and/or therapeutic	May be performed preoperatively or postoperatively for drainage of localized intra-abdominal abscess when percutaneous approach is used or when separate open drainage is required.
`49010`	Drainage of peritoneal abscess, percutaneous, image-guided	Image-guided percutaneous drainage may be done as adjunct or temporizing measure prior to definitive appendectomy in select cases.
`10160`	Puncture aspiration of abscess (eg, carbuncle, large boils)	For superficial or wound abscess drainage associated with incision site management; used postoperatively if superficial wound abscess occurs.
`99291`	Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30-74 minutes	Used when the patient requires critical care management pre- or postoperatively for sepsis or hemodynamic instability related to ruptured appendix.

CPT 44950: Appendectomy for Inflamed Appendix

CPT-44955-APPENDECTOMY-DURING-MAJOR-PROCEDURE

CPT 44955: Appendectomy Performed Incident to Another Major Procedure

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

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Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`22`	Increased procedural services	Use when intraoperative work is substantially greater than usual (extensive adhesiolysis, large abscess drainage).
`23`	Unusual anesthesia	Use when general anesthesia is not administered due to patient risk and documented unusual anesthesia is required.
`26`	Professional component	Use if reporting only the surgeon's professional component separate from technical facility services (rare for OR procedures).
`50`	Bilateral procedure	Not typically applicable for appendectomy; included when a bilateral anatomic procedure is reported (not common).
`52`	Reduced services	Use if the planned procedure is partially reduced or aborted for documented reasons (e.g., unstable patient).
`53`	Discontinued procedure	Use if procedure is started but discontinued due to patient instability prior to completing appendectomy.
`62`	Two surgeons	Use when two surgeons work together as primary surgeons because of complexity (extensive contamination, unusual anatomy).
`66`	Surgical team approach	Use when multiple surgical specialists perform distinct portions of a complex operative plan.
`78`	Unplanned return to OR for related procedure during the postoperative global period	Use for an unplanned reoperation for complications like postoperative abscess requiring re-exploration.
`79`	Unrelated procedure or service by same physician during global period	Use when an unrelated operative service is performed during the global period.
`LT`	Left side (site)	Use if laterality is required by payer systems; appendectomy typically right-sided but bilateral site modifiers sometimes used per local policy.
`RT`	Right side (site)	Use to indicate right-sided procedure when systems require laterality.
`AS`	Ambulatory surgical center	Use when the procedure is performed in an ambulatory surgical center setting.
`ET`	Endoscopic procedure converted to open	Use when a laparoscopic appendectomy is converted to an open appendectomy due to rupture/adhesions.
`QX`	Ordering/servicing/performing practitioners billing with modifier QK/QY	Use when a qualified nonphysician practitioner performs part of the service under appropriate supervision.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
208100000X	General Surgery	Primary specialty performing open appendectomy for ruptured appendix.
2080S0004X	Acute Care Surgery	Surgeons focusing on emergent abdominal operations and trauma/acute care.
207L00000X	Colon and Rectal Surgery	May be involved for complex right lower quadrant infectious disease or pelvic abscess.
2086S0105X	Surgical Critical Care	Participates in management of critically ill postoperative patients.
363LP0800X	Physician Assistant	Common operative first assist or provider involved in perioperative care.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`K35.2`	Acute appendicitis with generalized peritonitis	Direct indication for emergent appendectomy for ruptured appendix with diffuse peritoneal inflammation.
`K35.3`	Acute appendicitis with localized peritonitis	Localized peritonitis may accompany rupture and abscess formation necessitating appendectomy.
`K35.8`	Other acute appendicitis	Includes other presentations of acute appendicitis that may progress to rupture.
`K36`	Other appendicitis	Less common subtypes presenting similarly and potentially requiring appendectomy.
`K37`	Unspecified appendicitis	Used when documentation does not specify type; often present in acute surgical setting.
`K65.0`	Acute peritonitis	Peritonitis from appendiceal rupture is a direct clinical complication prompting operative management.
`K65.1`	Chronic peritonitis	Rarely associated but may be listed if chronic inflammatory changes are present.
`N17.9`	Acute kidney failure, unspecified	Possible complication of sepsis from ruptured appendix requiring critical care management and relevant to perioperative coding.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`44960`	Appendectomy, ruptured (burst) appendix	Primary procedure for removal of a ruptured appendix with abscess or peritonitis.
`49650`	Excision of intra-abdominal abscess, percutaneous or open, diagnostic and/or therapeutic	May be performed preoperatively or postoperatively for drainage of localized intra-abdominal abscess when percutaneous approach is used or when separate open drainage is required.
`49010`	Drainage of peritoneal abscess, percutaneous, image-guided	Image-guided percutaneous drainage may be done as adjunct or temporizing measure prior to definitive appendectomy in select cases.
`10160`	Puncture aspiration of abscess (eg, carbuncle, large boils)	For superficial or wound abscess drainage associated with incision site management; used postoperatively if superficial wound abscess occurs.
`99291`	Critical care, evaluation and management of the critically ill or critically injured patient; first 30-74 minutes	Used when the patient requires critical care management pre- or postoperatively for sepsis or hemodynamic instability related to ruptured appendix.

CPT 44950: Appendectomy for Inflamed Appendix

CPT-44955-APPENDECTOMY-DURING-MAJOR-PROCEDURE

CPT 44955: Appendectomy Performed Incident to Another Major Procedure

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Jul 29, 2026.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

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CPT 44960: Appendectomy for Ruptured Appendix with Abscess or Peritonitis

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 44960: Appendectomy for Ruptured Appendix with Abscess or Peritonitis

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References