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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair Procedures on the Intestines (Except Rectum)CPT cpt-44680-bowel-folding-and-suturing-for-stabilization
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    CPT 44680: Bowel Plication to Prevent Fistula, Adhesions, or Kinking

    Medicare pays $1015 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 44680 describes a surgical bowel plication procedure in which the surgeon arranges loops of intestine into folds and sutures them together to prevent unfolding, with the goal of preventing fistula formation, adhesions, or kinking of the bowel; this is an operative abdominal procedure typically performed in an inpatient or operating room setting under general anesthesia for patients requiring surgical management to reduce postoperative bowel complications.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policy, Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant Testing.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult who has undergone abdominal surgery for small-bowel pathology (for example, penetrating abdominal trauma, resection for ischemia, or repair of an enteric injury) during which multiple loops of intestine are at risk for postoperative kinking, internal hernia, fistula formation, or problematic adhesions. The surgeon identifies mobile, redundant small-bowel loops that could twist or form fistulae against other structures. In the operating room, after achieving hemostasis and confirming bowel viability, the surgeon arranges adjacent loops of intestine into folds and sutures the folds together (intestinal plication) to prevent unfolding. The procedure is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. Typical perioperative workflow includes preoperative assessment (history, imaging such as CT abdomen/pelvis if indicated), informed consent documenting indication and risks, intraoperative documentation of the plication technique and suture type, and postoperative monitoring for bowel function, return of peristalsis, signs of obstruction, infection, or fistula. This procedure may be performed during the index operation (same anesthesia episode) as a prophylactic adjunct to bowel repair or resection, or as a separate operative intervention when preventing recurrent internal herniation or fistula is necessary.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    44120Enterolysis (separation of adhesions) with or without repair of serosal injuries; small intestineOften performed before or instead of plication when dense adhesions must be lysed to mobilize bowel.
    44140Partial small bowel resection with anastomosisPerformed when nonviable bowel is encountered; plication may be added to prevent postoperative kinking after resection and anastomosis.
    44625Enterostomy, closure of (closure of intestinal stoma)Related when temporary stomas are created or closed in the same operative episode where plication is indicated to stabilize bowel orientation.
    44130Enterolysis, extensive (separation of adhesions)Used for more extensive adhesiolysis that may precede plication to free loops for proper arrangement.
    49560Repair of incisional or ventral hernia; reducible, single defectRelevant when plication is performed in conjunction with abdominal wall hernia repair to prevent internal kinking during closure.

    Related Modifiers

    14 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…

    Showing 1–10 of 14

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    208000000XPediatrics PhysicianA pediatrician is concerned with the physical, emotional and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. Care encompasses a broad spectru…
    208600000XSurgery PhysicianA general surgeon has expertise related to the diagnosis - preoperative, operative and postoperative management - and management of complications of s…
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    208800000XUrology PhysicianA urologist manages benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the adrenal gland. This specialist has compreh…
    163WM1400XNurse Massage Therapist (NMT)Nursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    225X00000XOccupational TherapistAn occupational therapist is a person who has graduated from an entry-level occupational therapy program accredited by the Accreditation Council for O…
    2083P0011XUndersea and Hyperbaric Medicine (Preventive Medicine) PhysicianA specialist who treats decompression illness and diving accident cases and uses hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat such conditions as carbon monoxide…
    163WE0003XEmergency Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Gastroenterology1 / 3

    7 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Coverage Policyevicore2026-11-05
    Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver DiseaseOscar Health2026-10-01
    Pancreatic Enzyme Testing for Acute PancreatitisOscar Health2026-10-01
    Helicobacter pylori TestingOscar Health2026-10-01
    Celiac Disease TestingOscar Health2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-44602-SMALL-INTESTINE-REPAIR-WITH-PERITONEAL-IRRIGATION

    CPT 44602: Small Intestine Repair with Peritoneal Washout

    CPT-44603-SMALL-INTESTINE-SURGERY

    CPT 44603: Transanal Excision of Hemorrhoids

    CPT-44604-COLON-REPAIR-WITH-PERITONEAL-IRRIGATION

    CPT 44604: Repair of Large Intestine Tear with Abdominal Washout

    CPT-44605-COLON-REPAIR-WITH-COLOSTOMY

    CPT 44605: Repair of Large Intestine with Colostomy and Abdominal Irrigation

    CPT-44615-INTESTINAL-STRICTURE-REPAIR-ENTEROTOMY-ENTERORRHAPHY

    CPT 44615: Enterotomy/Enterorrhaphy for Intestinal Stricture

    CPT-44620-ENTEROSTOMY-CLOSURE

    CPT 44620: Closure of Enterostomy to Restore Bowel Continuity

    CPT-44625-ENTEROSTOMY-REVISION-SURGICAL-REPAIR

    CPT 44625: Revision of Enterostomy with Intestinal Reattachment

    CPT-44626-COLORECTAL-ANASTOMOSIS-ENTEROSTOMY-TAKEDOWN

    CPT 44626: Enterostomy Takedown with Colorectal Anastomosis

    CPT-44640-INTESTINAL-CUTANEOUS-FISTULA-CLOSURE-WITH-RESECTION

    CPT 44640: Closure of Intestinal Cutaneous (Enterocutaneous) Fistula

    CPT-44650-ENTERIC-FISTULA-CLOSURE

    CPT 44650: Enteroenteric / Enterocolic Fistula Closure

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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