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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIncision Procedures on the MediastinumCPT cpt-39000-mediastinotomy-cervical-approach
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    CPT 39000: Mediastinotomy, Cervical Approach

    Medicare pays $500 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 39000 describes a mediastinotomy performed through a cervical incision in which the provider opens and inspects the mediastinum, removes foreign bodies if present, drains fluid collections, and may obtain tissue samples for diagnostic evaluation; this is a surgical mediastinal exploration typically performed in an operating room or surgical suite and is classified as a minor thoracic surgical procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood Pressure, Cardiology - Ivabradine, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting with unexplained mediastinal lymphadenopathy, suspected mediastinal infection, retained foreign body after penetrating neck trauma, or mediastinal fluid collection. The patient often reports chest discomfort, cough, fever, night sweats, or systemic signs suggesting malignancy or infection. Imaging such as chest CT or chest radiograph demonstrates a mediastinal abnormality warranting direct inspection. The clinical workflow: preoperative evaluation includes history, physical exam, imaging review, and informed consent. Under general or regional anesthesia in an operating room, the surgeon makes a cervical incision and performs a mediastinotomy to inspect the mediastinum, remove foreign material if present, drain abscess or fluid collections, and obtain tissue or lymph node samples for pathology or microbiology. Postoperative care includes monitoring for airway compromise, bleeding, infection, chest tube management if placed, and pathology follow-up to guide further therapy (antibiotics, oncology referral, or additional surgical procedures). Typical sites of service are the hospital operating room or ambulatory surgical center depending on patient stability and complexity; inpatient admission is common when drainage or extensive sampling is expected.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    32663Thoracoscopy, surgical; with exploration and/or biopsy of mediastinumMay be performed when a thoracoscopic approach is used to inspect or biopsy mediastinal lesions as an alternative or adjunct to cervical mediastinotomy
    38500Biopsy or excision of lymph node, superficialMay be performed for superficial nodal sampling when additional peripheral lymph node biopsy is indicated alongside mediastinal sampling
    39400Mediastinum exploration, with biopsy or excision — thoracotomy approachPerformed when a thoracotomy is required instead of a cervical approach for mediastinal exploration or larger resections
    32550Thoracostomy tube placement, small boreMay be performed for drainage of mediastinal or pleural collections discovered during mediastinotomy
    38999Unlisted procedure, hemic/lymphatic systemUsed when a specific mediastinal procedure is not described by existing codes and a report is required to explain the service

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207X00000X
    207L00000X
    207K00000X
    2085R0203X
    111NN0400X
    163WE0900X
    207QA0401X
    1041C0700X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood PressureBluecross Idaho2026-11-01
    Cardiology - IvabradineCigna2026-10-15
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Ventricular Assist DeviceUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesexcellus_health_plan_inc2026-09-17
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesuniverahealthcare2026-09-17
    Cardiac Omnibus CodesCigna2026-09-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-39010-MEDIASTINOTOMY-THORACIC-INSPECTION-BIOPSY-DRAINAGE

    CPT 39010: Mediastinotomy with Mediastinal Inspection and Drainage

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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