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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesIntraosseous Procedures on Arteries and VeinsCPT cpt-36680-intraosseous-infusion-bone-marrow-needle-insertion
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    CPT 36680: Intraosseous Needle Insertion for Infusion

    Medicare pays $58 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 36680 describes insertion of a needle directly into the bone marrow to establish intraosseous access for infusion of fluids or medications when peripheral intravenous access is difficult; this is a procedural vascular access service typically performed in emergency department, prehospital, or critical care settings using sterile technique for rapid resuscitation or drug delivery.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Ambulance and Medical Transport Services (Ground, Air and Water) Corporate Medical Policy, Emergency Air/Water Ambulance Services Medical Guideline, Non-Emergent Ambulance Services.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult or pediatric emergency patient in whom peripheral intravenous access is difficult or impossible during resuscitation, severe dehydration, shock, cardiac arrest, or major trauma. The clinical workflow begins with airway, breathing, circulation assessment; attempts at peripheral IV access are made and documented. When IV access cannot be rapidly achieved, the provider performs an intraosseous (IO) needle insertion — commonly into the proximal tibia, distal femur (pediatrics), or proximal humerus — to secure vascular access for fluid resuscitation, blood products, vasoactive drugs, or emergency medications. The procedure is performed at the bedside in the emergency department, prehospital setting (ambulance), intensive care unit, or operating room under aseptic technique; confirmation of placement by aspiration of marrow or saline flush and securement of the device follows. Documentation includes indication, site, device type, number of attempts, patient tolerance, medications/fluid administered through the IO, and any complications (e.g., extravasation, compartment syndrome, infection).

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    36680Intraosseous needle/insertion for infusion, any agePrimary procedure code for establishing intraosseous access for infusion when IV access is difficult.
    96360Intravenous infusion, hydration; initial, 31 minutes to 1 hourMay be billed for administered fluids through established IO access when documentation supports infusion duration.
    96372Therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic injection (specify substance or drug); subcutaneous or intramuscularUse for individual medication injections administered via IO if payer permits coding of the drug administration separately.
    36415Collection of venous blood by venipunctureMay be performed before or after IO access for laboratory testing; not a replacement for IO blood sampling coding.
    77002Fluoroscopic guidance for needle placement (if applicable)Rarely used; only if imaging guidance beyond standard technique is documented and billed.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    207P00000X
    207K00000X
    251G00000X
    103T00000X
    246QH0600X
    152W00000X
    111NT0100X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    25 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    A41.9Sepsis, unspecified organism
    D50.9Iron deficiency anemia, unspecified
    E10.65Type 1 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia
    E11.65Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia
    E86.0Dehydration
    G40.909Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus
    I21.9Acute myocardial infarction, unspecified
    I46.9Cardiac arrest, cause unspecified
    J80Acute respiratory distress syndrome
    J96.00Acute respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia

    Showing 1–10 of 25

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Emergency & Medical Transportation1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Ambulance and Medical Transport Services (Ground, Air and Water) Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-10-01
    Emergency Air/Water Ambulance Services Medical GuidelineWPS Health Insurance2026-10-01
    Non-Emergent Ambulance ServicesConnectiCare2026-09-11
    Fixed Wing Air Ambulance TransportCigna2026-08-15
    Air AmbulanceAmbetter Georgia2026-08-01
    Ambulance Services (for New Mexico Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Ambulance Services (for Tennessee Only)UnitedHealthcare2026-08-01
    Clinical Policy: Air AmbulanceAmbetter Nevada2026-08-01
    Air AmbulanceCentene2026-08-01
    Clinical Policy: Air AmbulanceArizona Complete Health2026-08-01

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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