CPT code 33619 codes the Norwood procedure, the first-stage open surgical reconstruction used to treat hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and severe aortic arch hypoplasia in neonates and infants. This high-complexity congenital cardiac surgery is performed in specialized pediatric cardiac centers and is clinically critical because it establishes systemic circulation in patients with underdeveloped left-sided heart structures. Nationally, the procedure represents a concentrated resource use event with implications for surgical capacity, pediatric ICU resources, and post-operative longitudinal care.

Key payers covered in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a clinical and billing-focused overview of the procedure, typical sites of service, common billing modifiers, and relevant coding context. The publication summarizes benchmarks and utilization patterns where available, highlights policy or reimbursement considerations affecting access to specialized pediatric cardiac surgery, and provides clinical context on why the Norwood stage is essential in multi-stage palliation for HLHS. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable.