Clinical Context
A typical patient is an adolescent or adult with symptomatic or hemodynamically significant pulmonary valve stenosis, frequently presenting with exertional dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, syncope, or right ventricular hypertrophy on imaging. Preoperative evaluation includes transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography documenting pulmonary valve gradient and anatomy, cardiac catheterization as needed for hemodynamics, routine labs, and anesthesia assessment. The procedure 33474 (pulmonary valvotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass) is performed in an operating room with cardiothoracic surgical teams and perfusion support when the valve lesion is not amenable to percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty or when concomitant intracardiac repairs are required.
The workflow: preoperative consent and imaging review, general endotracheal anesthesia, median sternotomy or appropriate surgical exposure, institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic arrest as indicated, direct opening of the pulmonary artery, incision of valve leaflets/cusps to enlarge the valve orifice, assessment of valve competence, any additional repairs (e.g., RV outflow tract reconstruction) as indicated, weaning from bypass, hemostasis, chest closure, and postoperative ICU monitoring with serial echocardiography and hemodynamic management.
Coding Specifications
| Modifier | Description | When to Use |
|---|
62 | Two surgeons | When two surgeons work together as primary operating surgeons for shared critical portions of the procedure. |
| 63 | Procedure performed on infants less than 4 kg | When the procedure is performed on an infant under 4 kilograms.
| 22 | Increased procedural services | For substantially greater work or complexity than typical for 33474 (documented in operative report).
| 52 | Reduced services | When the procedure is partially reduced or not completed as described (document extent of reduction).
| 53 | Discontinued procedure | If the procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances prior to completion.
| 62 | (listed above) | (duplicate removed in billing; only one entry counted)
| 78 | Unplanned return to OR following initial procedure | For an unplanned return to the operating room for a related procedure during the global period.
| 79 | Data not provided in input | Data not available in the input.
| 26 | Professional component | When reporting only the professional component of a service (rare for index surgical procedure).
| PT | Not in provided list | Data not available in the input.
| Taxonomy Code | Specialty | Notes |
|---|
| 207K00000X | Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery | Surgeons who frequently perform open pulmonary valvotomy and RVOT procedures. |
| 207L00000X | Thoracic Surgery | Thoracic surgeons trained in complex chest procedures including valve access.
| 207P00000X | Cardiac Surgery | Cardiac surgery specialists performing intracardiac valve repairs.
| 208800000X | Pediatric Cardiac Surgery | Pediatric cardiac surgeons for congenital pulmonary stenosis cases.
Related Diagnoses
| ICD-10 Code | Description | Clinical Relevance |
|---|
Q22.1 | Pulmonary valve stenosis | Primary congenital indication for pulmonary valvotomy to relieve obstruction. |
| I37.0 | Pulmonary valve disorder, acquired | Acquired pulmonary valve disease that may require surgical enlargement when severe.
| I27.89 | Other specified pulmonary heart diseases | Associated right heart pathology or pulmonary vascular disease affecting management decisions.
| Q20.0 | Common arterial trunk (truncus arteriosus) | Congenital anomalies that may include pulmonary valve pathology necessitating surgical intervention.
| Z00.6 | Encounter for examination for normal comparison and control in clinical research | Occasionally used in preoperative assessments for study protocols (applied when relevant).
Related CPT Codes
| CPT Code | Description | Relationship to This Procedure |
|---|
33405 | Repair of atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect with cardiopulmonary bypass | May be performed concomitantly when intracardiac shunts are present and require repair during the same bypass run. |
| 33430 | Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction | Often performed alongside pulmonary valvotomy when RVOT obstruction or conduit issues require reconstruction.
| 93451 | Right heart catheterization including measurement of oxygen and hemodynamics | Preoperative or intraoperative hemodynamic assessment to quantify gradients across the pulmonary valve.
| 33210 | Insertion of temporary transvenous pacemaker | May be used perioperatively for management of conduction disturbances during or after valve surgery.
| 99100 | Anesthesia for procedures generally requiring cardiopulmonary bypass | Represents the complex anesthesia support required during cardiopulmonary bypass cases.