Loading...

    Explore
    • Policy Monitoring
    • Live Policy Feed
    • Billing Codes
    • NPI Medicare & Medicaid
    • Healthcare Providers
    • Health Insurance Payers
    • States
    • Service Lines
    • Taxonomy Codes
    Lookup tools
    • Billing Code Lookup
    • CPT Modifier Lookup
    • Provider Taxonomy Code Lookup
    • Healthcare Provider & Facility Lookup
    • Health Insurance Payer Lookup
    • Payer Contact Directory

    Policy & Benchmark Tools

    • Prior Authorization Lookup
    • Coverage Criteria Lookup
    • Timely Filing Lookup
    • Billing Code Reimbursement Rates
    • Payer Comparison Dashboard
    • Facility Comparison Dashboard
    • All tools

    Company

    • About OpenPayer
    • Data Sources
    • Trek Health
    OpenPayerby Trek Health
    LinkedInYouTube

    © 2026 Trek Health. All rights reserved.

    OpenPayer is built and maintained by Trek Health.

    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision and Repair Procedures on the Trachea and BronchiCPT cpt-31781-tracheal-stenosis-resection-and-anastomosis-cervicothoracic
    Ask Trek AI about this page

    CPT 31781: Tracheal Resection with Primary Anastomosis

    Medicare pays $1244 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31781 describes surgical excision of a narrowed segment of the cervicothoracic trachea with primary anastomosis of the remaining tracheal segments to repair the defect and reestablish the airway; this operative procedure is a tracheal resection with primary repair typically performed as an inpatient or operative surgical service in an operating room or tertiary care surgical suite for patients with symptomatic tracheal stenosis or obstruction.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood Pressure, Cardiology - Ivabradine, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA).

    Customize your policy alerts

    Sign up for cpt 31781 policy alerts

    Get alerted when payer policies referencing 31781 are released or updated.

    Monitor payer policy activity

    Receive email alerts as soon as relevant payer policies are published or updated.

    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 7

    Explore openpayer tools

    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
    • Reimbursement RatesCommercial vs. Medicare rate reports
    • Facility ComparisonBeds, revenue & payer mix
    • ProvidersHospitals & facilities
    • PayersPlans & market footprint
    • Taxonomy CodesNUCC specialty codes
    • ModifiersCPT modifiers & usage
    • Prior AuthorizationPA policies by payer & drug
    • Timely FilingFiling deadlines by payer
    • Coverage CriteriaMedical necessity by payer
    • Payer ContactsClaims, PA & appeals contacts
    View all tools

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult with symptomatic cervicothoracic tracheal stenosis causing dyspnea, stridor, and impaired airflow after prolonged intubation, tracheostomy, prior tracheal injury, or post-infectious scarring. The patient presents to otolaryngology or thoracic surgery after pulmonary function testing and airway endoscopy confirm a focal tracheal narrowing involving the cervicothoracic junction. Preoperative workup includes flexible bronchoscopy, CT neck/chest with airway reconstruction, anesthesia evaluation, and discussion of airway management strategy (e.g., cross-field ventilation, jet ventilation, or extracorporeal support). In the operating room under general anesthesia, the surgeon exposes the cervicothoracic trachea, excises the stenotic segment, performs tracheal mobilization as needed, and rejoins healthy tracheal ends (primary end-to-end anastomosis) to reestablish the airway. Intraoperative adjuncts may include laryngeal mask placement, rigid bronchoscopy for inspection, and recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring. Postoperative workflow includes ICU monitoring for airway compromise, humidified oxygen, neck positioning to reduce tension on the anastomosis, serial bronchoscopic surveillance, and follow-up pulmonary and speech/swallow evaluations as indicated.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31622Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, with removal of foreign body or lesion, any methodPreoperative or intraoperative bronchoscopy for airway assessment or removal of obstructing material.
    31623Bronchoscopy, rigid with biopsy or removal of tumor, polyp, or other lesionUsed for diagnostic biopsy of intraluminal lesions before definitive tracheal resection.
    31635Bronchoscopy with dilation of trachea and/or bronchi, any methodOften performed as a temporizing measure for stenosis management prior to definitive resection.
    31637Tracheal/bronchial stent placement, initial insertionMay be used as bridge therapy for airway stabilization when resection is delayed or not feasible.
    31500Intubation, endotracheal, emergency procedurePerformed for airway control preoperatively or during acute airway compromise; may be contemporaneous with airway procedures.

    Related Modifiers

    11 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…

    Showing 1–10 of 11

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2084P0800X
    207K00000X
    363A00000X
    171400000X
    207LC0200X
    364SP0810X
    246Q00000X
    225500000X

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    23 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    A31.0Pulmonary mycobacterial infection
    B35.1Tinea unguium
    C33Malignant neoplasm of trachea
    D38.2Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of pleura
    J39.8Other specified diseases of upper respiratory tract
    J41.0Simple chronic bronchitis
    J44.9Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified
    J84.10Pulmonary fibrosis, unspecified
    J84.89Other specified interstitial pulmonary diseases
    J95.1Acute pulmonary insufficiency following thoracic surgery

    Showing 1–10 of 23

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Automated Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients with Elevated Office Blood PressureBluecross Idaho2026-11-01
    Cardiology - IvabradineCigna2026-10-15
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Ventricular Assist DeviceUnitedHealthcare2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesexcellus_health_plan_inc2026-09-17
    Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devicesuniverahealthcare2026-09-17
    Cardiac Omnibus CodesCigna2026-09-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-31750-CERVICAL-TRACHEA-REPAIR-OPEN-AIRWAY-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 31750: Repair of Cervical Trachea, Open Airway Reconstruction

    CPT-31755-TRACHEA-PHARYNX-CONNECTION-SURGICAL-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 31755: Tracheopharyngeal Connection Surgical Creation

    CPT-31760-INTRATHORACIC-TRACHEA-REPAIR-OPEN-AIRWAY-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 31760: Repair of Intrathoracic Trachea for Open Airway Reconstruction

    CPT-31766-CARINA-RECONSTRUCTION-AFTER-TUMOR-RESECTION

    CPT 31766: Carina Reconstruction After Tumor Resection

    CPT-31770-AIRWAY-REPAIR-WITH-GRAFT-OR-PATCH

    CPT 31770: Repair of Airway With Graft or Patch

    CPT-31775-BRONCHIAL-STENOSIS-REPAIR-MUCOSAL-FLAP-RECONSTRUCTION

    CPT 31775: Bronchial Stenosis Dissection with Mucosal Flap Repair

    CPT-31780-TRACHEAL-RESECTION-PRIMARY-ANASTOMOSIS

    CPT 31780: Tracheal Resection and Primary Repair

    CPT-31785-CERVICAL-TRACHEAL-TUMOR-EXCISION

    CPT 31785: Excision of Cervical Tracheal Tumor

    CPT-31786-THORACIC-TRACHEAL-TUMOR-EXCISION

    CPT 31786: Excision of Thoracic Tracheal Tumor

    CPT-31800-CERVICAL-TRACHEA-WOUND-CLOSURE-SUTURING

    CPT 31800: Cervical Trachea Wound Suture

    Showing 1–10 of 14

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
    Published by

    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.