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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesEndoscopy Procedures on the Trachea and BronchiCPT cpt-31645-bronchoscopic-aspiration-tracheobronchial-tree
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    CPT 31645: Bronchoscopic Aspiration of Tracheobronchial Tree

    Medicare pays $319 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 31645 describes bronchoscopic aspiration of the tracheobronchial tree using a rigid or flexible bronchoscope to visualize airways and remove fluid, with or without fluoroscopic guidance; this is an endoscopic airway procedure typically performed as an operative bronchoscopic suction/aspiration service in an operating room, endoscopy suite, or hospital procedure room and is classified as a diagnostic/therapeutic bronchoscopy service.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA), Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment, Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart Failure.

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 62-year-old patient presents to the hospital with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and copious purulent secretions with fever and leukocytosis. Chest radiograph shows a lobar consolidation and an endotracheal tube in place following intubation for respiratory failure. The pulmonary team performs a bronchoscopic airway suction/aspiration using a flexible bronchoscope to clear secretions and obtain lower respiratory tract samples. The procedure may occur in the intensive care unit (ICU) at bedside or in an operating room (OR) or bronchoscopy suite under monitored anesthesia care. Typical clinical workflow: pre-procedure review of indications and coagulation status, informed consent, topical/local anesthetic and sedation (or general anesthesia if intubated), insertion of a rigid or flexible bronchoscope, visual inspection of the tracheobronchial tree, suction aspiration of secretions or fluids from targeted airways, optional fluoroscopic guidance if indicated, collection of samples for culture or cytology, hemostasis and post-procedure monitoring with documentation of findings and any immediate complications.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    31622Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, diagnostic, with or without cell washing; with inspection and/or biopsy, single or multiple sitesPerformed when direct visualization plus biopsy is needed beyond simple suction/aspiration.
    31623Bronchoscopy, with brushing or protected brushings for specimen collectionOften performed at the same encounter to obtain cytologic specimens following suctioning.
    31624Bronchoscopy, with bronchial or transbronchial biopsy(s), multipleUsed when tissue biopsy of airway or lung parenchyma is required in addition to suctioning.
    31628Bronchoscopy, with bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL)Closely related when lavage is performed to obtain fluid samples for culture, cytology, or cell count; may be coded instead of or in addition when documentation supports both.
    31635Bronchoscopy, with removal of foreign body or airway obstructionPerformed when suctioning is therapeutic for obstructing secretions or when additional instrumentation removes obstructive material.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    77Modifier 77 indicates that a previously performed procedure or service was legitimately repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional. The AMA’s CPT definition…- Use modifier 77 when a basic procedure or service already performed is repeated by a different physician or other qualified health care professional (for example, a second provider independently…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207K00000XAllergy & Immunology PhysicianAn allergist-immunologist is trained in evaluation, physical and laboratory diagnosis, and management of disorders involving the immune system. Select…
    103T00000XPsychologistA psychologist is an individual who is licensed to practice psychology which is defined as the observation, description, evaluation, interpretation, a…
    2084P0800XPsychiatry PhysicianA Psychiatrist specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders, emotional disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, …
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    207LC0200XCritical Care Medicine (Anesthesiology) PhysicianAn anesthesiologist, who specializes in critical care medicine diagnoses, treats and supports patients with multiple organ dysfunction. This specialis…
    261QP1100XPodiatric Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center
    207YS0012XSleep Medicine (Otolaryngology) PhysicianAn Otolaryngologist who practices Sleep Medicine is certified in the subspecialty of sleep medicine and specializes in the clinical assessment, physio…
    231HA2400XAssistive Technology Practitioner AudiologistSpeech, Language and Hearing Service Providers · Audiologist

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Cardiology1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT)/Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentOscar Health2026-10-01
    Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Heart FailureOscar Health2026-10-01
    Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction for Diagnostic Cardiovascular ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Maine2026-10-01
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessmentblue cross blue shield - louisiana2026-09-15
    Cardiovascular Disease Risk AssessmentBlue Cross Blue Shield - New Mexico2026-09-04
    Computed Tomography to Detect Coronary Artery CalcificationBluecross Idaho2026-09-01
    Intracoronary Drug Delivery Balloon ProceduresBlue Cross Blue Shield - Rhode Island2026-09-01
    Cardiac Imaging Guidelinesevicore2026-09-01
    Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Stroke PreventionAmbetter Georgia2026-08-26

    Related Codes

    CPT-31615-TRACHEOBRONCHOSCOPY-THROUGH-TRACHEAL-OPENING

    CPT 31615: Tracheobronchoscopy via Tracheostomy

    CPT-31622-DIAGNOSTIC-BRONCHOSCOPY-AIRWAY-VISUALIZATION

    CPT 31622: Diagnostic Rigid or Flexible Bronchoscopy

    CPT-31623-BRONCHOSCOPIC-BRUSHING-DIAGNOSTIC

    CPT 31623: Bronchoscopic Brushing or Protected Brushing

    CPT-31624-BRONCHIAL-ALVEOLAR-LAVAGE-BRONCHOSCOPY

    CPT 31624: Bronchial Alveolar Lavage via Bronchoscopy

    CPT-31625-BRONCHIAL-ENDOBRONCHIAL-BIOPSY-BRONCHOSCOPY

    CPT 31625: Bronchial or Endobronchial Biopsy via Bronchoscopy

    CPT-31626-BRONCHOSCOPIC-MARKER-PLACEMENT

    CPT 31626: Bronchoscopic Marker Placement for Surgical Localization

    CPT-31627-IMAGE-GUIDED-BRONCHOSCOPIC-NAVIGATION

    CPT 31627: Image-Guided Navigation for Bronchoscopy

    CPT-31628-TRANSBRONCHIAL-BIOPSY-BRONCHOSCOPY-SINGLE-LOBE

    CPT 31628: Transbronchial Biopsy of Single Lobe via Bronchoscopy

    CPT-31629-TRANSBRONCHIAL-NEEDLE-ASPIRATION-BRONCHOSCOPIC-BIOPSY

    CPT 31629: Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Trachea/Bronchus

    CPT-31630-THERAPEUTIC-BRONCHOSCOPY-AIRWAY-DILATION

    CPT 31630: Tracheal/Tracheobronchial Dilation via Bronchoscopy

    Showing 1–10 of 29

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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