Loading...

    Explore
    • Policy Monitoring
    • Live Policy Feed
    • Billing Codes
    • NPI Medicare & Medicaid
    • Healthcare Providers
    • Health Insurance Payers
    • States
    • Service Lines
    • Taxonomy Codes
    Lookup tools
    • Billing Code Lookup
    • CPT Modifier Lookup
    • Provider Taxonomy Code Lookup
    • Healthcare Provider & Facility Lookup
    • Health Insurance Payer Lookup
    • Payer Contact Directory

    Policy & Benchmark Tools

    • Prior Authorization Lookup
    • Coverage Criteria Lookup
    • Timely Filing Lookup
    • Billing Code Reimbursement Rates
    • Payer Comparison Dashboard
    • Facility Comparison Dashboard
    • All tools

    Company

    • About OpenPayer
    • Data Sources
    • Trek Health
    OpenPayerby Trek Health
    LinkedInYouTube

    © 2026 Trek Health. All rights reserved.

    OpenPayer is built and maintained by Trek Health.

    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the Foot and ToesCPT cpt-28124-toe-phalanx-excision-craterization-saucerization
    Ask Trek AI about this page

    CPT 28124: Partial Phalanx Resection of Toe (Craterization/Saucerization)

    Medicare pays $491 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 28124 describes surgical removal of an infected portion of a toe phalanx using craterization, saucerization, or diaphysectomy; the service is a minor surgical debridement/partial phalanx resection typically performed in an ambulatory surgery center or office-based surgical suite for treatment of osteomyelitis or localized bone infection of the toe.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing), Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement), Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty).

    Customize your policy alerts

    Sign up for cpt 28124 policy alerts

    Get alerted when payer policies referencing 28124 are released or updated.

    Monitor payer policy activity

    Receive email alerts as soon as relevant payer policies are published or updated.

    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 7

    Explore openpayer tools

    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
    • Reimbursement RatesCommercial vs. Medicare rate reports
    • ProvidersHospitals & facilities
    • PayersPlans & market footprint
    • Taxonomy CodesNUCC specialty codes
    • ModifiersCPT modifiers & usage
    • Prior AuthorizationPA policies by payer & drug
    • Timely FilingFiling deadlines by payer
    • Coverage CriteriaMedical necessity by payer
    • Payer ContactsClaims, PA & appeals contacts
    View all tools

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is an adult presenting with a chronic or acute toe infection involving the distal or proximal phalanx (osteomyelitis, infected nonhealing ulcer with exposed bone, or severe paronychia with bony involvement) that has failed conservative therapy (oral/IV antibiotics, wound care, partial nail removal). The patient often has comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, or neuropathy that predispose to progressive soft-tissue and bony infection. Evaluation includes history, physical exam of the foot and toe, wound culture, laboratory studies (CBC, inflammatory markers), and imaging (plain radiographs; MRI if needed) confirming cortical destruction or sequestrum of the phalanx.

    The clinical workflow: pre-procedure consent and medical clearance; perioperative antibiotics as indicated; local block or regional/general anesthesia; debridement of infected bone using craterization, saucerization, or diaphysectomy to remove sequestra and infected phalanx segments; copious irrigation; hemostasis and wound closure or partial closure with sterile dressing; postoperative instructions and follow-up for wound checks, continued antibiotics guided by culture, and consideration of further reconstruction if needed. Typical site of service is an outpatient ambulatory surgery center or hospital operating room depending on anesthesia and comorbidity. Service type: minor surgical procedure (osseous debridement/partial phalangeal resection) of the toe phalanx.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    11055Drainage of finger abscess; simplePerformed when a soft-tissue abscess is present prior to or instead of bony debridement of the toe.
    11730Avulsion of nail plate, partial or complete, any number of nailsOften performed concurrently if toenail pathology or paronychia contributes to infection.
    11042Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscleUsed for more extensive soft-tissue debridement of the foot that may accompany bony work.
    11043Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and boneUsed for extensive debridement including bone when larger osseous involvement requires wider resection than toe phalanx-specific code.
    11750Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete (e.g., for ingrown nail)May be performed at same setting when nail disease contributes to infection.
    99213Office or other outpatient visit for evaluation and managementPre- or post-operative E/M visits commonly billed in association with the procedure when documented as separate and distinct.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    25CPT modifier 25 indicates that on the same day as another procedure or service, the same physician or other qualified health care professional provided a significant, separately identifiable…- When to apply: Use modifier 25 only on an E/M code to indicate the same provider delivered a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the same day as another procedure or service — i.e.,…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    207Q00000XFamily Medicine PhysicianFamily Medicine is the medical specialty which is concerned with the total health care of the individual and the family. It is the specialty in breadt…
    2080P0206XPediatric Gastroenterology PhysicianA pediatrician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive systems of infants, children and adolescents. This speciali…
    208000000XPediatrics PhysicianA pediatrician is concerned with the physical, emotional and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. Care encompasses a broad spectru…
    363LA2200XAdult Health Nurse PractitionerPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Nurse Practitioner
    363LS0200XSchool Nurse PractitionerPhysician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers · Nurse Practitioner
    207NP0225XPediatric Dermatology PhysicianA pediatric dermatologist has, through additional special training, developed expertise in the treatment of specific skin disease categories with emph…
    222Z00000XOrthotistA health care professional who is specifically educated and trained to manage comprehensive orthotic patient care, including musculoskeletal and neuro…

    Related ICD-10-CM Codes

    26 rows

    ICD-10-CM CodeDescription
    A49.02Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, unspecified site
    B95.61Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere
    E10.621Type 1 diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer
    E10.622Type 1 diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer
    E11.621Type 2 diabetes mellitus with foot ulcer
    E11.622Type 2 diabetes mellitus with other skin ulcer
    L02.211Cutaneous abscess of abdominal wall
    L02.213Cutaneous abscess of chest wall
    L03.031Cellulitis of right toe
    L03.032Cellulitis of left toe

    Showing 1–10 of 26

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Sacroiliac Joint Fusion or Stabilizationuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Vertebroplasty/Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation and Percutaneous Sacroplastyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Shoulder Open ProceduresPremera Bluecross2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    CPT-28039-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-MASS-EXCISION-1-5CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 28039: Excision of Soft Tissue Mass, Foot or Toe (≥1.5 cm)

    CPT-28041-FOOT-TOE-INTRINSIC-MUSCLE-MASS-EXCISION-15CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 28041: Excision of Intrinsic Foot/Toe Muscle Mass, ≥1.5 cm

    CPT-28043-FOOT-TOE-SUBCUTANEOUS-MASS-EXCISION

    CPT 28043: Excision of Subcutaneous Foot/Toe Mass (<1.5 cm)

    CPT-28045-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-MASS-EXCISION

    CPT 28045: Excision of Intrinsic Foot/Toe Muscle Mass, <1.5 cm

    CPT-28046-EXTENSIVE-EXCISION-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR

    CPT 28046: Extensive Excision of Soft-Tissue Tumor of Foot or Toe, <3 cm

    CPT-28047-EXTENSIVE-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR-EXCISION-FOOT-TOE-3CM-OR-MORE

    CPT 28047: Extensive Excision of Foot/Toe Soft Tissue Tumor ≥3 cm

    CPT-28050-FOOT-JOINT-EXPLORATION-SOFT-TISSUE-BIOPSY

    CPT 28050: Open Foot Joint Biopsy of Soft Tissue

    CPT-28052-METATARSOPHALANGEAL-JOINT-SOFT-TISSUE-BIOPSY

    CPT 28052: Open Biopsy of Metatarsophalangeal Joint Soft Tissue

    CPT-28054-DIGITAL-JOINT-BIOPSY-TOE-FINGER

    CPT 28054: Incision for Toe or Finger Joint Biopsy

    CPT-28055-BURSAL-EXCISION-WITH-NERVE-DISSECTION-NEURECTOMY

    CPT 28055: Bursal Debridement with Neurectomy, Upper Ankle/Foot

    Showing 1–10 of 45

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
    Published by

    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.