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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the Foot and ToesCPT cpt-28122-tarsal-metatarsal-bone-debridement
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    CPT 28122: Partial Tarsal/Metatarsal Bone Debridement for Osteomyelitis

    Medicare pays $619 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 28122 describes surgical removal of infected portions of the tarsal or metatarsal bones (excluding the talus and calcaneus) using techniques such as craterization, saucerization, or diaphysectomy; the service is an operative bone debridement/partial ostectomy typically performed in an operating room or surgical procedure suite as part of orthopedic or podiatric care for localized osteomyelitis of the midfoot or forefoot.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing), Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement), Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 58-year-old patient with poorly controlled diabetes presents with a chronic nonhealing plantar ulcer beneath the metatarsal heads. Imaging and clinical exam demonstrate focal osteomyelitis of the second metatarsal head with sequestrum formation and persistent purulent drainage despite prolonged antibiotics and local wound care. The orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon schedules operative management under regional or general anesthesia. In the operating room, after antiseptic prep and appropriate anesthesia, the surgeon performs incision and drainage of the soft-tissue infection, debrides necrotic tissue, and exposes the affected tarsal/metatarsal bone. The infected segment is removed using craterization/saucerization or limited diaphysectomy to eradicate sequestrum and establish healthy bleeding bone margins. Specimens are collected for culture and pathology. Hemostasis is achieved, the wound is irrigated, and closure or staged packing/negative-pressure wound therapy is applied depending on soft-tissue viability. Postoperative care includes targeted intravenous antibiotics guided by cultures, offloading or immobilization, and wound surveillance in outpatient or inpatient settings until healing. Typical site of service for this procedure is the operating room in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital inpatient/same-day surgical unit.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    11042Debridement; subcutaneous tissue (includes epidermis and dermis if performed), first 20 sq cm or lessCommonly performed preoperatively or intraoperatively for infected soft tissue adjacent to the involved bone.
    11043Debridement; muscle and/or fascia, first 20 sq cm or lessUsed when deeper soft-tissue debridement including muscle/fascia is required in the same surgical episode.
    11044Debridement; bone (exposed) first 20 sq cm or lessUsed for aggressive osseous debridement when additional bone removal beyond 28122 is performed on exposed bone surfaces.
    27691Debridement, open, any method, for foot infection; partial resection, metatarsal head or similar limited bone resectionAlternative/adjacent foot debridement codes that may be used depending on the exact bone and extent.
    11720Debridement of nail(s) by any method, partial or complete, permanent removalPerformed when infected or ingrown nails contribute to forefoot infection and osteomyelitis.
    10180Incision and drainage complex postoperative wound infection (e.g., abscess)May be used for staged management when postoperative wound infection requires formal I&D separate from 28122.

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    208000000XPediatrics PhysicianA pediatrician is concerned with the physical, emotional and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. Care encompasses a broad spectru…
    207P00000XEmergency Medicine PhysicianAn emergency physician focuses on the immediate decision making and action necessary to prevent death or any further disability both in the pre-hospit…
    207L00000XAnesthesiology PhysicianAn anesthesiologist is trained to provide pain relief and maintenance, or restoration, of a stable condition during and immediately following an opera…
    207RT0003XTransplant Hepatology PhysicianAn internist with special knowledge and the skill required of a gastroenterologist to care for patients prior to and following hepatic transplantation…
    2084E0001XEpilepsy PhysicianEpilepsy is a subspecialty of neurology focused on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy, including new-onset, medically refractory ep…
    315P00000XIntellectual Disabilities Intermediate Care FacilityAn intermediate care facility providing services for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
    103TH0100XHealth Service PsychologistA psychologist, certified/licensed at the independent practice level in his/her state, who is duly trained and experienced in the delivery of direct, …
    2084A2900XNeurocritical Care PhysicianThe medical subspecialty of Neurocritical Care is devoted to the comprehensive, multisystem care of the critically-ill neurological patient. Like othe…

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Sacroiliac Joint Fusion or Stabilizationuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Vertebroplasty/Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation and Percutaneous Sacroplastyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Shoulder Open ProceduresPremera Bluecross2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    CPT-28039-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-MASS-EXCISION-1-5CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 28039: Excision of Soft Tissue Mass, Foot or Toe (≥1.5 cm)

    CPT-28041-FOOT-TOE-INTRINSIC-MUSCLE-MASS-EXCISION-15CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 28041: Excision of Intrinsic Foot/Toe Muscle Mass, ≥1.5 cm

    CPT-28043-FOOT-TOE-SUBCUTANEOUS-MASS-EXCISION

    CPT 28043: Excision of Subcutaneous Foot/Toe Mass (<1.5 cm)

    CPT-28045-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-MASS-EXCISION

    CPT 28045: Excision of Intrinsic Foot/Toe Muscle Mass, <1.5 cm

    CPT-28046-EXTENSIVE-EXCISION-FOOT-TOE-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR

    CPT 28046: Extensive Excision of Soft-Tissue Tumor of Foot or Toe, <3 cm

    CPT-28047-EXTENSIVE-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR-EXCISION-FOOT-TOE-3CM-OR-MORE

    CPT 28047: Extensive Excision of Foot/Toe Soft Tissue Tumor ≥3 cm

    CPT-28050-FOOT-JOINT-EXPLORATION-SOFT-TISSUE-BIOPSY

    CPT 28050: Open Foot Joint Biopsy of Soft Tissue

    CPT-28052-METATARSOPHALANGEAL-JOINT-SOFT-TISSUE-BIOPSY

    CPT 28052: Open Biopsy of Metatarsophalangeal Joint Soft Tissue

    CPT-28054-DIGITAL-JOINT-BIOPSY-TOE-FINGER

    CPT 28054: Incision for Toe or Finger Joint Biopsy

    CPT-28055-BURSAL-EXCISION-WITH-NERVE-DISSECTION-NEURECTOMY

    CPT 28055: Bursal Debridement with Neurectomy, Upper Ankle/Foot

    Showing 1–10 of 45

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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