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    OpenPayerBilling CodesRepair, Revision, and/or Reconstruction Procedures on the Femur (Thigh Region) and Knee JointCPT cpt-27447-bilateral-compartment-knee-replacement
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    CPT 27447: Total Knee Arthroplasty, Both Medial and Lateral Compartments

    Medicare pays $1176 and commercial payers pay $6397 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 27447 describes a total knee arthroplasty procedure in which the surgeon replaces the damaged weight-bearing surfaces of both the medial and lateral compartments of the knee with metal or other durable implants, optionally replacing the patella; the service is an orthopedic surgical implant procedure typically performed in an inpatient hospital or ambulatory surgery center setting to relieve pain and improve function in a severely damaged knee.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Orthopedic Joint Procedures of the Knee for Managed Medicaid (MMC), Health and Recovery Plan (HARP), Child Health Plus (CHP), and Essential Plan (EP) Members, Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation or Implantation Corporate Medical Policy, Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factors (Platelet-Rich Plasma [PRP]).

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    National Reimbursement Benchmarks

    Nationwide, Medicare’s mean rate for CPT 27447 sits at $1,175.80, which is modestly below the average commercial benchmark represented by BUCA at $6,397.20. This gap of $5,221.40 highlights a substantial difference between Medicare and a composite commercial payer experience; Medicare’s central tendency (median $1,160 and interquartile span $88) indicates tightly clustered local rates across its 47 localities, while BUCA’s median is $7,627.20 with a wider commercial context implied by its quartiles.

    Rate dispersion measured as the interquartile range (P75−P25) is narrowest for Medicare at $88.00 and also relatively tight for Aetna at $1,457.00 and Cigna at $1,482.40. The widest IQRs appear for Blue Cross Blue Shield at $8,338.50 and BUCA at $5,391.20, with UnitedHealth Group showing a substantial spread of $1,398.50. These differences indicate much greater variability among some commercial payers compared with Medicare’s concentrated locality pricing.

    National Payer Mean Reimbursement Rates

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    State Reimbursement Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 51

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 68-year-old patient with end-stage osteoarthritis and long-standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis presents with severe bilateral knee pain, progressive functional limitation, and radiographs showing loss of joint space with deformity of the weight-bearing femorotibial compartments. Conservative care (physical therapy, intra-articular injections, and systemic disease therapy) has failed to control pain. The orthopaedic surgeon evaluates the patient in clinic, documents history and physical, obtains preoperative medical clearance and imaging, and schedules an elective total knee arthroplasty to replace the medial and lateral tibiofemoral weight-bearing surfaces; the patella may be resurfaced intraoperatively depending on patellar cartilage status.

    Preoperative workflow includes medication reconciliation, optimization of rheumatoid disease control with the rheumatology team, anesthetic assessment, and informed consent documenting risks and expected outcomes. Intraoperative documentation captures laterality, implant type, whether patellar resurfacing was performed, any intraoperative complications, and estimated blood loss. Postoperative workflow includes inpatient recovery or same-day discharge planning, pain control, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, physical therapy initiation, and documentation of the postoperative condition and discharge instructions.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    27448Osteotomy, femur, shaft or supracondylarPerformed when femoral alignment correction is required in conjunction with knee arthroplasty planning or staged deformity correction

    Related Modifiers

    10 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    79Modifier 79 indicates a surgical procedure performed during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery that is unrelated to the original procedure. Per AMA/CPT and CMS guidance, it is…- Use modifier 79 when the same physician (or same‑specialty physician in the same group) performs a surgical procedure during the postoperative global period of a prior surgery and the new procedure…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207X00000X
    207XX0004X
    207XS0117X
    261QA0006X
    2278P3800X
    322D00000X
    282E00000X
    207RA0401X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Orthopedic Joint Procedures of the Knee for Managed Medicaid (MMC), Health and Recovery Plan (HARP), Child Health Plus (CHP), and Essential Plan (EP) Membersuniverahealthcare2027-01-01
    Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation or Implantation Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factors (Platelet-Rich Plasma [PRP])Cigna2026-10-15
    Metatarsophalangeal Joint ReplacementCigna2026-10-15
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-27380-INFRAPATELLAR-TENDON-PRIMARY-REPAIR

    CPT 27380: Primary Repair of Infrapatellar (Patellar) Tendon

    CPT-27381-SECONDARY-INFRAPATELLAR-TENDON-REPAIR

    CPT 27381: Secondary Repair of Infrapatellar Tendon

    CPT-27385-HAMSTRING-QUADRICEPS-RUPTURE-REPAIR-SUTURE

    CPT 27385: Primary Repair of Hamstring or Quadriceps Rupture

    CPT-27386-SECONDARY-QUADRICEPS-HAMSTRING-REPAIR-AUTOGRAFT

    CPT 27386: Secondary Repair of Quadriceps or Hamstring with Graft

    CPT-27390-OPEN-TENOTOMY-HAMSTRING-SINGLE-TENDON

    CPT 27390: Open Tenotomy of Hamstring Tendon

    CPT-27391-OPEN-HAMSTRING-TENOTOMY

    CPT 27391: Open Tenotomy of Multiple Hamstring Tendons

    CPT-27392-OPEN-TENOTOMY-HAMSTRING-BILATERAL

    CPT 27392: Open Bilateral Hamstring Tenotomy

    CPT-27393-HAMSTRING-TENDON-LENGTHENING

    CPT 27393: Hamstring Tendon Lengthening

    CPT-27394-HAMSTRING-TENDON-LENGTHENING-UNILATERAL

    CPT 27394: Hamstring Tendon Lengthening, Unilateral

    CPT-27395-HAMSTRING-TENDON-LENGTHENING-BILATERAL

    CPT 27395: Bilateral Hamstring Tendon Lengthening

    Showing 1–10 of 59

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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