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CPT 25820: Limited Wrist Arthrodesis to Reduce Pain, Preserve Motion

CPT code 25820 specifies a limited wrist arthrodesis: surgical fusion of part of the wrist joint intended to relieve pain while preserving residual motion. This procedure is clinically important for patients with focal wrist joint degeneration, post-traumatic arthritis, or instability where partial fusion can improve function and reduce pain without sacrificing all wrist mobility. Nationally, partial wrist fusion procedures affect surgical workload, inpatient and outpatient surgical facility utilization, and orthopaedic hand surgery clinical pathways.

Key payers addressed in this analysis include Aetna, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Cigna Health, UnitedHealthcare, and Medicare. Readers will find a concise overview of clinical context, service settings, and commonly billed modifiers, plus guidance on where to expect this service to appear on claims. The publication summarizes benchmark considerations for reimbursement and utilization, highlights relevant coding relationships, and outlines areas where policy or coverage variation commonly arises across payers. The content is designed for coding professionals, revenue integrity teams, and clinical leaders seeking a national-level reference for CPT code 25820 rather than state-specific guidance. Data not available in the input is noted where applicable.

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Billing Code Overview

CPT code 25820 describes a surgical procedure to fuse a limited portion of the wrist joint. The procedure aims to reduce pain by surgically immobilizing the affected joint while preserving as much wrist motion as possible. The service type is a hand/wrist surgical fusion procedure. The typical site of service is an operating room in an inpatient or outpatient surgical facility, including ambulatory surgery centers and hospital outpatient departments.

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CPT 25820: Limited Wrist Arthrodesis to Reduce Pain, Preserve Motion

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

A typical patient is a 55-year-old manual laborer with chronic wrist pain localized to the scapholunate or radiocarpal joint after failed conservative care (physical therapy, splinting, corticosteroid injections). Imaging shows focal arthritic change or post-traumatic instability limited to a specific carpal articulation. The orthopedic or hand surgeon evaluates pain, range of motion, and function, reviews radiographs/CT, discusses surgical options, and obtains informed consent. In the operating room under regional or general anesthesia, the surgeon exposes the targeted wrist joint, prepares articular surfaces, and places internal fixation (screws/plates/pins) to achieve a limited wrist fusion intended to relieve pain while preserving as much motion as possible. Postoperative care includes immobilization, pain control, wound checks, radiographic monitoring for fusion, and staged rehabilitation with occupational therapy.

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`LT`	Left side	When the procedure was performed on the left wrist.
`RT`	Right side	When the procedure was performed on the right wrist.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	When both wrists undergo the procedure during the same operative session.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	When another unrelated procedure is performed during the same encounter and needs separation from the fusion service.
`62`	Two surgeons	When two surgeons of different specialties work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the fusion.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	When a surgical assistant participates in the procedure.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services furnished in part by the PA/NP/CNS	When an applicable advanced practitioner performs part of the service under applicable payer rules.
`22`	Increased procedural services	When work required is substantially greater than typically required for the procedure (documented increased complexity).
`52`	Reduced services	When the procedure is partially reduced or not completed as described for the full code.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	When the procedure is started but then terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician (Note: not in provided list)	Data not available in the input.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207N00000X`	Orthopedic Surgery	Orthopedic hand and wrist surgeons commonly perform limited wrist fusions.
`207L00000X`	Plastic Surgery	Hand surgeons in plastic surgery practices may perform wrist fusions focused on soft-tissue balance.
`2080P0207X`	General Surgery (Hand Surgery)	Some general surgeons with hand specialty training perform wrist procedures.
`163WC0000X`	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	Manages pre- and postoperative nonoperative care and rehabilitation planning.
`208100000X`	Family Medicine (rural/urgent settings)	May be involved in initial evaluation and postoperative follow-up.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M19.239`	Primary osteoarthritis, unspecified wrist	Degenerative arthritis causing pain and loss of function that can be treated with limited wrist fusion to relieve pain.
`M19.239`	Secondary osteoarthritis of wrist (post-traumatic)	Post-traumatic arthritic changes of a focal wrist joint segment often lead to limited fusion when conservative care fails.
`S62.901A`	Unspecified fracture of wrist, initial encounter for closed fracture	Nonunion or malunion of wrist fractures can produce focal joint degeneration requiring limited arthrodesis.
`M24.2`	Disorder of ligament (hand/wrist)	Chronic instability from ligamentous injury may be addressed with fusion when reconstructive options are not feasible.
`G89.29`	Other chronic pain	Severe chronic wrist pain refractory to conservative measures may be an indication for limited wrist fusion to improve quality of life.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`20670`	Open treatment of distal radial intra-articular fracture, with internal fixation, when performed — plating or screw fixation	May be performed for fractures involving the wrist that coexist with arthritic changes or require stabilization prior to/alongside limited fusion.
`25320`	Arthrodesis; radiocarpal (wrist)	Alternative or more extensive wrist fusion option addressing the entire radiocarpal joint rather than a limited portion.
`29848`	Wrist arthroscopy, surgical, with synovectomy, debridement, or treatment of small intra-articular pathology	Diagnostic and minimally invasive therapeutic procedure often performed prior to deciding on open limited fusion to evaluate intra-articular pathology.
`20690`	Application of external fixation device (separate procedure)	May be used temporarily for unstable injuries or to assist in maintaining alignment during staged care before definitive limited fusion.
`29847`	Wrist arthroscopy, surgical, with ligamentous repair	Performed for ligamentous injuries that may be addressed arthroscopically before or instead of limited fusion.

CPT 25800: Wrist Arthrodesis Without Bone Graft

CPT-25805-WRIST-FUSION-SLIDING-GRAFT

CPT 25805: Wrist Fusion Using Sliding Graft

CPT-25810-WRIST-ARTHRODESIS-WITH-ILIAC-CREST-BONE-GRAFT

CPT 25810: Wrist Arthrodesis with Iliac Crest Bone Graft

CPT-25825-WRIST-ARTHRODESIS-WITH-AUTOGRAFT-AND-FIXATION

CPT 25825: Wrist Arthrodesis with Internal Fixation and Autograft

CPT-25830-DISTAL-RADIOULNAR-JOINT-ARTHRODESIS-ULNA-RESECTION

CPT 25830: Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthrodesis with Ulna Resection

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Modifier	Description	When to Use
`LT`	Left side	When the procedure was performed on the left wrist.
`RT`	Right side	When the procedure was performed on the right wrist.
`50`	Bilateral procedure	When both wrists undergo the procedure during the same operative session.
`59`	Distinct procedural service	When another unrelated procedure is performed during the same encounter and needs separation from the fusion service.
`62`	Two surgeons	When two surgeons of different specialties work together as primary surgeons performing distinct portions of the fusion.
`80`	Assistant surgeon	When a surgical assistant participates in the procedure.
`AS`	Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services furnished in part by the PA/NP/CNS	When an applicable advanced practitioner performs part of the service under applicable payer rules.
`22`	Increased procedural services	When work required is substantially greater than typically required for the procedure (documented increased complexity).
`52`	Reduced services	When the procedure is partially reduced or not completed as described for the full code.
`53`	Discontinued procedure	When the procedure is started but then terminated due to extenuating circumstances.
`76`	Repeat procedure by same physician (Note: not in provided list)	Data not available in the input.

Taxonomy Code	Specialty	Notes
`207N00000X`	Orthopedic Surgery	Orthopedic hand and wrist surgeons commonly perform limited wrist fusions.
`207L00000X`	Plastic Surgery	Hand surgeons in plastic surgery practices may perform wrist fusions focused on soft-tissue balance.
`2080P0207X`	General Surgery (Hand Surgery)	Some general surgeons with hand specialty training perform wrist procedures.
`163WC0000X`	Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation	Manages pre- and postoperative nonoperative care and rehabilitation planning.
`208100000X`	Family Medicine (rural/urgent settings)	May be involved in initial evaluation and postoperative follow-up.

Related Diagnoses

ICD-10 Code	Description	Clinical Relevance
`M19.239`	Primary osteoarthritis, unspecified wrist	Degenerative arthritis causing pain and loss of function that can be treated with limited wrist fusion to relieve pain.
`M19.239`	Secondary osteoarthritis of wrist (post-traumatic)	Post-traumatic arthritic changes of a focal wrist joint segment often lead to limited fusion when conservative care fails.
`S62.901A`	Unspecified fracture of wrist, initial encounter for closed fracture	Nonunion or malunion of wrist fractures can produce focal joint degeneration requiring limited arthrodesis.
`M24.2`	Disorder of ligament (hand/wrist)	Chronic instability from ligamentous injury may be addressed with fusion when reconstructive options are not feasible.
`G89.29`	Other chronic pain	Severe chronic wrist pain refractory to conservative measures may be an indication for limited wrist fusion to improve quality of life.

Related CPT Codes

CPT Code	Description	Relationship to This Procedure
`20670`	Open treatment of distal radial intra-articular fracture, with internal fixation, when performed — plating or screw fixation	May be performed for fractures involving the wrist that coexist with arthritic changes or require stabilization prior to/alongside limited fusion.
`25320`	Arthrodesis; radiocarpal (wrist)	Alternative or more extensive wrist fusion option addressing the entire radiocarpal joint rather than a limited portion.
`29848`	Wrist arthroscopy, surgical, with synovectomy, debridement, or treatment of small intra-articular pathology	Diagnostic and minimally invasive therapeutic procedure often performed prior to deciding on open limited fusion to evaluate intra-articular pathology.
`20690`	Application of external fixation device (separate procedure)	May be used temporarily for unstable injuries or to assist in maintaining alignment during staged care before definitive limited fusion.
`29847`	Wrist arthroscopy, surgical, with ligamentous repair	Performed for ligamentous injuries that may be addressed arthroscopically before or instead of limited fusion.

CPT 25800: Wrist Arthrodesis Without Bone Graft

CPT-25805-WRIST-FUSION-SLIDING-GRAFT

CPT 25805: Wrist Fusion Using Sliding Graft

CPT-25810-WRIST-ARTHRODESIS-WITH-ILIAC-CREST-BONE-GRAFT

CPT 25810: Wrist Arthrodesis with Iliac Crest Bone Graft

CPT-25825-WRIST-ARTHRODESIS-WITH-AUTOGRAFT-AND-FIXATION

CPT 25825: Wrist Arthrodesis with Internal Fixation and Autograft

CPT-25830-DISTAL-RADIOULNAR-JOINT-ARTHRODESIS-ULNA-RESECTION

CPT 25830: Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthrodesis with Ulna Resection

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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CPT 25820: Limited Wrist Arthrodesis to Reduce Pain, Preserve Motion

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Billing Code Overview

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CPT 25820: Limited Wrist Arthrodesis to Reduce Pain, Preserve Motion

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Billing Code Overview

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References

Clinical & Coding Specifications

Clinical Context

Coding Specifications

Related Diagnoses

Related CPT Codes

Related Codes

References