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    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the Humerus (Upper Arm) and ElbowCPT cpt-24100-elbow-joint-tissue-sampling-diagnostic
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    CPT 24100: Elbow Synovial Tissue Removal for Diagnostic Evaluation

    Medicare pays $421 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 24100 describes an open or diagnostic removal of intra-articular tissue from the elbow joint to assist in diagnosing joint disorders such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis; the service is a surgical diagnostic synovial biopsy/arthrotomy procedure typically performed in an operating room or ambulatory surgical center and documented as a procedure for tissue sampling and pathologic evaluation.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Orthopedic Joint Procedures of the Knee for Managed Medicaid (MMC), Health and Recovery Plan (HARP), Child Health Plus (CHP), and Essential Plan (EP) Members, Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation or Implantation Corporate Medical Policy, Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factors (Platelet-Rich Plasma [PRP]).

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    Table of contents

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A typical patient is a 52-year-old adult presenting to an outpatient orthopedic clinic with several weeks of progressive elbow pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, and intermittent joint effusion. Prior conservative measures including NSAIDs, aspiration, and activity modification have not established a diagnosis. The orthopedic surgeon schedules an intra-articular tissue biopsy of the elbow to obtain synovial or other intra-articular tissue for histopathology and crystal analysis to evaluate suspected inflammatory arthropathy such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or infectious synovitis. The procedure is performed in an ambulatory surgery center or hospital outpatient department with the patient under local anesthesia with sedation or regional nerve block; sterile prep and draping are used and fluoroscopic or ultrasound guidance may assist localization. Tissue samples are sent to pathology for microscopic evaluation and to the laboratory for culture and polarized light microscopy when crystals are suspected. Post-procedure monitoring occurs in recovery until discharge criteria are met, with instructions for wound care and signs of infection or neurovascular compromise.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    20610Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection; major joint or bursa (e.g., shoulder, hip, knee, subacromial bursa)Often performed before or instead of biopsy to obtain synovial fluid for initial analysis and culture.
    20611Arthrocentesis, with ultrasound guidance, with permanent recording and reportingUsed when image guidance is needed for aspiration or injection of the elbow prior to or in conjunction with tissue sampling.
    29827Arthroscopy, elbow, surgical; with synovectomy, major debridement or similarPerformed when a more extensive diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopic evaluation is indicated and tissue is obtained under visualization.
    20220Biopsy of soft tissue of face, nose, lips, eyelids, or ear; excisional (Note: unrelated region example)Data not available in the input.
    88304Surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examinationUsed to report the pathologic examination of tissue obtained from the elbow biopsy.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    59Modifier 59 indicates a distinct procedural service when two procedures that are not normally billed together are clinically and procedurally separate. The CPT definition (as reiterated by CMS)…- Use modifier -59 to report a distinct procedural service when documentation supports that the procedure reported is not normally billed together with another service on the same day because of a…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    76Modifier -76, Repeat Procedure or Service by Same Physician or Other Qualified Health Care Professional, is appended when the same provider performs an identical, medically necessary procedure or…- Use modifier -76 when the same physician or other qualified health care professional performs an identical procedure or service a second (or subsequent) time on the same date of service and the…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    207X00000X
    207L00000X
    207K00000X
    207RH0000X
    2279P4000X
    133VN1301X
    261QP2000X
    2084V0102X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Orthopedic Joint Procedures of the Knee for Managed Medicaid (MMC), Health and Recovery Plan (HARP), Child Health Plus (CHP), and Essential Plan (EP) Membersuniverahealthcare2027-01-01
    Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation or Implantation Corporate Medical Policybcbsvermont2026-12-01
    Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factors (Platelet-Rich Plasma [PRP])Cigna2026-10-15
    Metatarsophalangeal Joint ReplacementCigna2026-10-15
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15

    Related Codes

    CPT-24065-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-MASS-BIOPSY

    CPT 24065: Open Biopsy of Upper Arm/Elbow Lump

    CPT-24066-DEEP-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-BIOPSY

    CPT 24066: Deep Upper Arm/Elbow Lump Biopsy

    CPT-24071-EXCISION-SUBCUTANEOUS-TUMOR-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-GT-3CM

    CPT 24071: Excision of Subcutaneous Tumor of Upper Arm/Elbow >3 cm

    CPT-24073-DEEP-TUMOR-EXCISION-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-GREATER-THAN-5CM

    CPT 24073: Excision of Deep Upper Arm/Elbow Tumor >5 cm

    CPT-24075-EXCISION-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-LESS-THAN-3CM

    CPT 24075: Excision of Soft-Tissue Tumor, Upper Arm/Elbow (<3 cm)

    CPT-24076-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-SOFT-TISSUE-TUMOR-EXCISION-LESS-THAN-5CM

    CPT 24076: Excision of Subfascial/Intramuscular Tumor, Upper Arm/Elbow (<5 cm)

    CPT-24077-RADICAL-RESECTION-SOFT-TISSUE-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW

    CPT 24077: Radical Resection of Soft-Tissue Tumor, Upper Arm/Elbow

    CPT-24079-RADICAL-RESECTION-SOFT-TISSUE-UPPER-ARM-ELBOW-5CM-PLUS

    CPT 24079: Radical Resection, Soft Tissue Tumor Upper Arm/Elbow

    CPT-24101-ELBOW-JOINT-EXPLORATION-BIOPSY-REMOVAL-LOOSE-BODY

    CPT 24101: Elbow Arthrotomy for Joint Exploration

    CPT-24102-ELBOW-SYNOVECTOMY-OPEN-SURGICAL-PROCEDURE

    CPT 24102: Open Elbow Synovectomy

    Showing 1–10 of 28

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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