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    OpenPayerBilling CodesExcision Procedures on the ShoulderCPT cpt-23172-scapular-sequestrum-excision-shoulder-blade
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    CPT 23172: Excision of Sequestrum from Scapula

    Medicare pays $557 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 23172 describes surgical excision of a sequestrum (a dead fragment of bone) from the scapula, a procedure that treats chronic osteomyelitis or infected bone fragments; the service is an operative debridement-type procedure typically performed in an operative room or ambulatory surgical center under appropriate anesthesia and involves removal of necrotic bone to promote healing and control infection.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing), Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement), Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty).

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    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 6

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 52-year-old male presents with chronic right shoulder pain, localized swelling, and intermittent drainage after a prior episode of osteomyelitis. Imaging with radiographs and CT demonstrates a sequestrum within the right scapula. The orthopedic surgeon schedules a surgical excision of the sequestrum under general anesthesia. Preoperative workflow includes history and physical, review of prior microbiology, perioperative antibiotics tailored to culture results, and informed consent for debridement of devitalized bone. Intraoperative steps include incision and exposure of the scapular region, identification and removal of the devitalized bone fragment (23172), irrigation, possible placement of local antibiotic delivery (e.g., beads), and wound closure with or without drainage. Postoperative care includes pain control, wound monitoring, continued targeted antibiotics, follow-up imaging as indicated, and outpatient wound checks until healing is confirmed.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    27060Excision of tumor or other lesion of pelvis, deep, subtotal or radical; not otherwise specifiedMay be used when extensive pelvic or adjacent deep osseous debridement is required in multidisciplinary cases (contextual relevance)
    24075Excision of lesion of clavicle or acromioclavicular jointPerformed when adjacent clavicular or AC joint pathology is addressed during the same operative session
    20610Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, major joint or bursa (e.g., shoulder)Used preoperatively or postoperatively for diagnostic aspiration or therapeutic drainage of associated collections
    11042Debridement, subcutaneous tissue (extensive)Used when substantial soft-tissue debridement accompanies bone sequestrum excision
    10140Incision and drainage of superficial abscessUsed when superficial infected collections are incised and drained in conjunction with deeper sequestrum removal

    Related Modifiers

    12 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…

    Showing 1–10 of 12

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy CodeSpecialtyNotes
    207X00000XOrthopaedic Surgery PhysicianAn orthopaedic surgeon is trained in the preservation, investigation and restoration of the form and function of the extremities, spine and associated…
    208000000XPediatrics PhysicianA pediatrician is concerned with the physical, emotional and social health of children from birth to young adulthood. Care encompasses a broad spectru…
    363L00000XNurse Practitioner(1) A registered nurse provider with a graduate degree in nursing prepared for advanced practice involving independent and interdependent decision mak…
    207K00000XAllergy & Immunology PhysicianAn allergist-immunologist is trained in evaluation, physical and laboratory diagnosis, and management of disorders involving the immune system. Select…
    133VN1101XGerontological Nutrition Registered DietitianAn individual who is a Specialist in Gerontological Nutrition and provides nutrition care to promote quality of life and optimal health for older adul…
    246ZS0410XSurgical TechnologistSurgical technologists are allied health professionals, who are an integral part of the team of medical practitioners providing surgical care to patie…
    163WX1500XOstomy Care Registered NurseNursing Service Providers · Registered Nurse
    261QC1500XCommunity Health Clinic/CenterAmbulatory Health Care Facilities · Clinic/Center

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Shoulder Arthroplasty (Total, Partial, Reverse, Revision and Resurfacing)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Hip Arthroplasty (partial and total hip replacement)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Osteochondral Grafting of the Kneeuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Resurfacinguniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Fusion (arthrodesis) with decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Sacroiliac Joint Fusion or Stabilizationuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Percutaneous Vertebroplasty/Mechanical Vertebral Augmentation and Percutaneous Sacroplastyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)univerahealthcare2026-10-15
    Shoulder Open ProceduresPremera Bluecross2026-09-04

    Related Codes

    CPT-23065-SHOULDER-SUPERFICIAL-SOFT-TISSUE-BIOPSY

    CPT 23065: Superficial Soft Tissue Biopsy, Shoulder

    CPT-23066-SHOULDER-DEEP-SOFT-TISSUE-EXCISIONAL-BIOPSY

    CPT 23066: Excisional Biopsy of Deep Soft Tissue, Shoulder

    CPT-23071-SHOULDER-SOFT-TISSUE-MASS-EXCISION-3CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 23071: Excision of Shoulder Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Mass ≥3 cm

    CPT-23073-SHOULDER-INTRAMUSCULAR-MASS-EXCISION-5CM-OR-GREATER

    CPT 23073: Excision of Intramuscular Shoulder Mass, ≥5 cm

    CPT-23075-EXCISION-SUBCUTANEOUS-SHOULDER-MASS-LESS-THAN-3CM

    CPT 23075: Excision of Subcutaneous Shoulder Mass (<3 cm)

    CPT-23076-SHOULDER-INTRAMUSCULAR-MASS-EXCISION-LESS-THAN-5CM

    CPT 23076: Excision of Intramuscular Shoulder Mass (<5 cm)

    CPT-23077-EXTENSIVE-EXCISION-SHOULDER-SOFT-TISSUE-SARCOMA-LESS-5CM

    CPT 23077: Extensive Excision of Soft Tissue Malignant Tumor, Shoulder

    CPT-23078-EXTENSIVE-EXCISION-SHOULDER-SOFT-TISSUE-SARCOMA-5CM-PLUS

    CPT 23078: Extensive Excision of Shoulder Soft Tissue Malignant Tumor

    CPT-23100-SHOULDER-GLENOHUMERAL-JOINT-BIOPSY-OPEN

    CPT 23100: Open Biopsy of Glenohumeral (Shoulder) Joint

    CPT-23101-ACROMIOCLAVICULAR-STERNOCLAVICULAR-JOINT-DEBRIDEMENT-BIOPSY

    CPT 23101: Acromioclavicular or Sternoclavicular Joint Incision and Biopsy

    Showing 1–10 of 32

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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