Loading...

    Explore
    • Policy Monitoring
    • Live Policy Feed
    • Billing Codes
    • NPI Medicare & Medicaid
    • Healthcare Providers
    • Health Insurance Payers
    • States
    • Service Lines
    • Taxonomy Codes
    Lookup tools
    • Billing Code Lookup
    • CPT Modifier Lookup
    • Provider Taxonomy Code Lookup
    • Healthcare Provider & Facility Lookup
    • Health Insurance Payer Lookup
    • Payer Contact Directory

    Policy & Benchmark Tools

    • Prior Authorization Lookup
    • Coverage Criteria Lookup
    • Timely Filing Lookup
    • Billing Code Reimbursement Rates
    • Payer Comparison Dashboard
    • Facility Comparison Dashboard
    • All tools

    Company

    • About OpenPayer
    • Data Sources
    • Trek Health
    OpenPayerby Trek Health
    LinkedInYouTube

    © 2026 Trek Health. All rights reserved.

    OpenPayer is built and maintained by Trek Health.

    v1.0.30
    OpenPayerBilling CodesFracture and/or Dislocation Procedures on the Spine (Vertebral Column)CPT cpt-22328-vertebral-fracture-dislocation-repair
    Ask Trek AI about this page

    CPT 22328: Vertebral Fracture or Dislocation Repair, Open Approach

    Medicare pays $252 on average nationally for this procedure.

    CPT code 22328 describes open surgical repair of a fractured or dislocated vertebra, performed through an incision directly over the affected vertebra; the service is a vertebral fracture/dislocation repair typically delivered as an inpatient or hospital-based operative procedure in an operating room for trauma-related spine injuries.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM), Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®), Lumbar Microdiscectomy.

    Customize your policy alerts

    Sign up for cpt 22328 policy alerts

    Get alerted when payer policies referencing 22328 are released or updated.

    Monitor payer policy activity

    Receive email alerts as soon as relevant payer policies are published or updated.

    Table of contents

    Progress1 / 6

    Explore openpayer tools

    • Billing CodesCPT, HCPCS, DRG & more
    • Reimbursement RatesCommercial vs. Medicare rate reports
    • Facility ComparisonBeds, revenue & payer mix
    • ProvidersHospitals & facilities
    • PayersPlans & market footprint
    • Taxonomy CodesNUCC specialty codes
    • ModifiersCPT modifiers & usage
    • Prior AuthorizationPA policies by payer & drug
    • Timely FilingFiling deadlines by payer
    • Coverage CriteriaMedical necessity by payer
    • Payer ContactsClaims, PA & appeals contacts
    View all tools

    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 46-year-old male is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle collision with neck pain, midline cervical tenderness, and neurologic deficits in the upper extremities. Imaging (CT and MRI) demonstrates an acute unstable fracture-dislocation of the C6 vertebra with retropulsion and canal compromise. The trauma team coordinates rapid spine surgery consultation. After stabilization and informed consent, the patient is taken to the operating room for open surgical repair of the vertebral fracture/dislocation via a posterior approach. The operative workflow includes general anesthesia, intraoperative neuromonitoring, exposure of the involved vertebra through a midline incision, reduction of the dislocation, fracture fragment debridement as needed, internal fixation (posterior instrumentation and fusion) and closure. Postoperative care includes admission to a monitored unit, pain control, neurologic checks, imaging to confirm alignment and hardware position, and initiation of spine precautions and rehabilitation planning.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    22328Open treatment of vertebral fracture(s) and/or dislocation(s), with or without internal fixation, when performedPrimary procedure code describing open repair of a vertebral fracture or dislocation.
    22840Posterior non-segmental instrumentation (e.g., Harrington rod technique)May be used when posterior instrumentation is placed as part of stabilization after reduction of the vertebral fracture.
    22842Posterior segmental instrumentation (e.g., pedicle fixation, 3 to 6 vertebral segments)Used when segmental posterior fixation (pedicle screws/rods) is placed spanning the injured vertebral levels.
    22612Arthrodesis, posterior or posterolateral technique, single level; lumbar (with lateral transverse process)Used when posterior spinal fusion is performed in conjunction with fixation (selection depends on anatomic level and technique).
    63275Decompression, lumbar; with removal of bone fragment(s) causing compression of spinal cord or cauda equinaAnalogous decompression codes are used when bone fragments or retropulsed material require decompression; select specific code by level and approach.
    22830Exploration of spinal fusion for removal or revision of instrumentationMay be used if prior instrumentation is revised during the same operative encounter or in subsequent procedures related to the initial repair.

    Related Modifiers

    13 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    22Modifier –22 (Increased Procedural Services) is used when a reported procedure is substantially more extensive than normally required. The CPT Manual and CMS state it may be appended only when the…- When to use: Append modifier -22 to a procedural CPT code when the service performed is substantially more extensive than the usual service described by that code — i.e., the procedure required…
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    26Modifier 26 (Professional Component) identifies and bills only the professional portion of a split service — the physician’s interpretation, report, and medical judgment — when the technical…- Use CPT Modifier -26 when you are billing only the professional component (PC) of a split‑bill eligible service—i.e., you performed the physician interpretation, medical judgment and prepared a…
    50Modifier –50 (Bilateral Procedure) is appended to a CPT code when an identical procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures during the same operative session. The AMA states to add…- Use modifier -50 when the same CPT surgical, diagnostic, or radiology procedure is performed on paired anatomical structures (both sides of the body) during the same operative/session by the same…
    51Modifier –51 (Multiple Procedures) is used when the same provider performs multiple procedures in the same session to identify secondary, non‑exempt procedures and indicate payment reduction logic…- Use modifier -51 when the same provider performs multiple distinct procedures during the same patient encounter: report the highest‑valued procedure first (no modifier) and append -51 to…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    63Modifier‑63 is appended to surgical CPT codes (20000–69990) when a procedure is performed on a neonate or infant weighing ≤ 4 kg (about 8.8 lbs). The AMA/AAPC definition specifies this use and notes…- Use modifier -63 only for surgical procedures in the CPT 20000–69990 series performed on a neonate or infant who weighs ≤ 4 kg at the time of the procedure; it indicates increased complexity due to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…

    Showing 1–10 of 13

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    208000000X
    2084P0800X
    208D00000X
    367A00000X
    246ZG1000X
    101YP2500X
    364SE0003X
    261QA0005X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 2

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Artificial Cervical Intervertebral Discuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Lumbar Decompressionuniverahealthcare2026-10-15
    Responsive Neurostimulation for Focal EpilepsyPremera Bluecross2026-10-14
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    Intraoperative MonitoringProvidence Health Plan2026-10-01
    High-Intensity Focused UltrasoundMass General Brigham Health Plan2026-10-01
    Vagal Nerve StimulationAmbetter Nevada2026-10-01

    Related Codes

    CPT-22310-VERTEBRAL-BODY-FRACTURE-CLOSED-TREATMENT-IMMOBILIZATION

    CPT 22310: Closed Treatment of Vertebral Body Fracture with Cast or Brace

    CPT-22315-CLOSED-REDUCTION-VERTEBRAL-BODY-FRACTURE-IMMOBILIZATION

    CPT 22315: Closed Reduction of Vertebral Body Fracture

    CPT-22318-ODONTOID-FRACTURE-OPEN-FIXATION-NO-GRAFT

    CPT 22318: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Odontoid Fracture

    CPT-22319-ODONTOID-REPAIR-ANTERIOR-APPROACH-INTERNAL-FIXATION

    CPT 22319: Anterior Odontoid Fixation with Bone Graft

    CPT-22325-OPEN-REDUCTION-LUMBAR-VERTEBRA-FRACTURE-DISLOCATION

    CPT 22325: Open Reduction of Lumbar Vertebral Fracture/Dislocation

    CPT-22326-CERVICAL-VERTEBRA-FRACTURE-DISLOCATION-REPAIR-POSTERIOR-APPROACH

    CPT 22326: Repair of Cervical Vertebra Fracture or Dislocation

    CPT-22327-THORACIC-VERTEBRA-OPEN-REDUCTION-POSTERIOR

    CPT 22327: Open Reduction of Thoracic Vertebra Fracture

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
    Published by

    Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.

    Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.