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    v1.0.31
    OpenPayerBilling CodesTranscutaneous Electrical Modulation Pain Reprocessing TreatmentCPT cpt-0278t-neurostimulation-pain-modulation-electrode-placement
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    CPT 0278T: Percutaneous Neuromodulation Electrode Placement for Pain

    CPT code 0278T describes a percutaneous neuromodulation procedure in which the provider places electrodes on the patient’s body to alleviate pain by transmitting signals to the brain; this is a pain management neurostimulation service typically performed in an outpatient procedural or ambulatory surgery setting using percutaneous electrode placement and external or implanted pulse generators.

    For related coverage guidance, see recent payer policy updates: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping, Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping, Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mapping.

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    Clinical & Coding Specifications

    Clinical Context

    A 56-year-old patient with chronic, refractory neuropathic back and leg pain presents to an outpatient pain management clinic after failing conservative measures including medications, physical therapy, and epidural steroid injections. The pain specialist recommends a trial of noninvasive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to assess pain modulation prior to considering more invasive neuromodulation. In the clinic, the provider explains the procedure, obtains informed consent, places surface electrodes over the region of pain (paraspinal and distal dermatomes), programs stimulation parameters, monitors patient response for a trial period (typically 30–60 minutes), documents pain scores before and after stimulation, and provides post-procedure instructions. Typical workflow includes rooming by nursing staff, baseline assessment, electrode placement by the performing clinician, continuous monitoring during stimulation, assessment of analgesic effect with standardized pain scales, removal of electrodes, and documentation of clinical response and any adverse events. The procedure is commonly performed in an outpatient pain center, ambulatory surgery center for more extended or combined procedures, or hospital outpatient department when performed with concurrent interventions or higher acuity patients.

    Related CPT Codes

    CPT CodeDescriptionRelationship to This Procedure
    95970Electronic analysis of implanted neurostimulator pulse generator system (requested by physician), without programmingMay be used for programming or interrogation when an implanted device exists; follows successful external stimulation trials.
    95971Electronic analysis of implanted neurostimulator pulse generator system (requested by physician), with simple programmingUsed when minimal reprogramming of an implanted neurostimulator is required after trial or implantation.
    95972Electronic analysis of implanted neurostimulator pulse generator system (requested by physician), with complex programmingUsed for comprehensive programming of implanted neuromodulation systems post-implantation.
    97110Therapeutic procedure, one or more areas, each 15 minutes; therapeutic exercisesMay be billed for concurrent rehabilitative therapy sessions in the outpatient setting alongside TENS treatments.
    99070Supplies and materials (except spectacles), provided by the physician over and above those usually included with the office visit or procedureUsed for billing disposable electrodes or patient-supplied materials when payor rules permit.
    99441Telephone evaluation and management service by a physician or other qualified health care professional, 5-10 minutes of medical discussionMay be used for brief telephonic post-procedure follow-up related to response to transcutaneous stimulation.

    Related Modifiers

    9 rows

    ModifierDescriptionWhen to Use
    23Modifier -23 (Unusual Anesthesia) is used on anesthesia service CPT codes when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia…- Use modifier -23 only on anesthesia CPT codes (00100–01999) when a procedure that normally requires no anesthesia or only local anesthesia must be performed under general anesthesia because of…
    52Modifier ‑52 (Reduced Services) indicates that a service or procedure was partially reduced or omitted at the provider’s discretion, allowing reporting of the basic procedure number with a qualifier…- Use modifier -52 when a physician or qualified health professional electively reduces or omits part of a procedure or service (for example, performing fewer required views or omitting a portion of…
    53Modifier 53 (Discontinued Procedure) signals that a surgical or diagnostic service was begun by the physician but terminated because of extenuating circumstances that threatened the patient’s…- Use modifier -53 when a physician/qualified healthcare professional has started a surgical or diagnostic procedure (e.g., anesthesia administered, incision or scope insertion) and then discontinues…
    62Modifier 62 indicates that two surgeons function as co‑surgeons, each performing distinct parts of the same primary surgical procedure. It is appended to the primary procedure code (and any…- Use modifier -62 when two surgeons act as co‑surgeons (both primary surgeons) on a single definitive primary procedure, each performing distinct parts of the same surgical procedure (append -62 to…
    66Modifier 66 (Surgical Team) is used when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons on a single, highly complex procedure. The AMA defines it for use when a surgical team — often composed of…- Use modifier 66 when three or more surgeons act as primary surgeons working collaboratively as a surgical team on a single, highly complex or difficult procedure (for example organ…
    78CPT modifier -78 indicates an unplanned, related return to the operating or procedure room by the same provider during the global postoperative period. It is appended when treatment for a…- Use modifier -78 when an unplanned, related complication during the original procedure’s global postoperative period requires the patient to return to a formal operating or procedure room and the…
    80CPT® Modifier 80 (Assistant Surgeon) is appended to a surgical CPT code when a physician (MD or DO) provides full, continuous assistance throughout the operative procedure. It is intended only for…- Use CPT Modifier -80 when a physician (MD or DO) serves as an assistant surgeon and provides full, continuous assistance throughout the entire operative procedure; append -80 to the surgical CPT…
    81Modifier -81 indicates a physician served as a minimal assistant surgeon for part—not all—of an operative procedure. Use when a physician’s assisting role is limited and does not represent full…- Use CPT modifier -81 when a physician acts as a minimum assistant surgeon who assists during only part (a limited portion) of an operative procedure; append -81 to the primary surgical CPT code to…
    82Modifier 82 is appended to a surgical CPT code to indicate that an attending physician acted as an assistant because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable. In teaching hospitals it documents…- When to use: Append modifier 82 in teaching-hospital settings to indicate a physician served as an assistant surgeon because a qualified resident surgeon was unavailable (includes situations where…

    Related Provider Taxonomies

    8 rows

    Taxonomy Code
    2084P0800X
    207L00000X
    363L00000X
    2083A0100X
    363LG0600X
    207R00000X
    1710I1002X
    3416L0300X

    Related Payer Policy Updates

    Specialty: Neurology/Neurosurgery1 / 3

    10 rows

    PolicyPayerEffective Date
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Preoperative Brain Mappingpremerabluecrossofwashington2027-02-05
    Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Inhibitors: Vyepti (eptinezumab-jjmr)Mass General Brigham Health Plan2027-01-04
    Clinical Review Criteria Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IONM)Kaiser Permanente2027-01-01
    Open Neuroplasty Lumbar PlexusCigna2026-12-15
    Laser Interstitial Thermal TherapyCigna2026-11-15
    Laser Interstitial Thermal TherapyCigna2026-11-15
    Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Migraines (i.e., Nerivio®)bcbsvermont2026-11-01
    Lumbar Microdiscectomyuniverahealthcare2026-10-15

    Frequently Asked Questions

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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