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    OpenPayerBilling CodesNewborns and Other Neonates with Conditions Originating in Perinatal PeriodDRG 790-extreme-immaturity-or-respiratory-distress-syndrome-neonate
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    Extreme Immaturity or Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonate: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    DRG 790 addresses neonates with extreme immaturity or respiratory distress syndrome requiring high-intensity neonatal care and respiratory support. It matters for inpatient reimbursement because the Diagnosis-Related Group captures high resource use and clinical severity that drive Medicare payment for neonatal intensive care.

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    DRG 790 Overview

    DRG 790 covers neonates with extreme immaturity or respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive neonatal care, often including respiratory support and complex monitoring. This Diagnosis-Related Group groups newborns by high resource utilization and clinical severity, which directly affects inpatient payment under Medicare. Accurate coding of birthweight, gestational age, and respiratory diagnoses influences reimbursement and hospital case mix. The DRG is significant for hospitals with neonatal intensive care units because it represents a concentrated area of high-cost neonatal care.

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    National Payment Rates

    Payer rates in the table and chart below range roughly from $370 to $200K across commercial payers, with mean values spanning about $36K to $72K depending on payer. The widest spread is between the minimum commercial value (~$370) and the maximum ($200K) shown for Anthem. See the table and chart below for payer-level percentiles and distribution details.

    The CMS 2023 data represent national Medicare fee-for-service inpatient payments reported under the CMS Provider Utilization and Payment Data program. The table below shows four columns: average total payment, average submitted covered charges, average Medicare payment amount, and total discharges. These values reflect Medicare FFS payment metrics at the national level.

    Patient Population

    This DRG’s population skews toward a mixed-age cohort with relatively limited representation in traditional Medicare-age beneficiaries; cases are more commonly found in non-Medicare (commercial or Medicaid) age groups. As a result, the payer mix often includes a larger share of private/commercial payers and government programs other than Medicare. Medicare-age patients are present but do not typically dominate the payer distribution for this DRG.

    State Payment Rates

    State: Alaska1 / 49

    Alaska Benchmarks

    DRG 790 payments in Alaska range from $92K to $240K across payers, with Blue Cross Blue Shield at the low end and Anthem and Cigna at the higher end. Cigna displays the largest spread and a mean notably above several national medians, while BCBS remains a consistent low outlier. See the table and chart below for payer-level detail.

    Key Insights for Alaska

    • Anthem is the highest-paying payer at $140K, while Blue Cross Blue Shield is the lowest at $92K.
    • Cigna’s payments show wide variability (range $77K–$240K) and a mean of $140K, representing a meaningful upside versus national medians for comparable payers.

    Clinical Trials

    • Acute respiratory support intervention trials: randomized or pragmatic trials testing ventilatory strategies (e.g., types of mechanical ventilation modes, noninvasive respiratory support, surfactant delivery techniques, or optimal oxygen/pressure targets) in extremely preterm neonates or neonates with respiratory distress syndrome to evaluate immediate respiratory stability, rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and early mortality. These studies enroll infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (often <28 weeks’ gestational age or very low birth weight) during the initial days after birth and are relevant because initial respiratory management drives length of stay, intensive resource utilization, and early survival metrics used by hospitals and payers. Results inform clinical protocols that can alter ICU resource needs, complication rates, and downstream costs for this high-cost DRG population.
    • Comparative effectiveness and prevention studies of adjunctive therapies and supportive care: multicenter comparative studies evaluating strategies such as closed-loop oxygen management, caffeine dosing regimens, infection prevention bundles, nutritional approaches (parenteral vs early minimal enteral feeding), and timing of surfactant administration to reduce complications like intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late sepsis. These trials typically target extremely preterm infants in the NICU over the course of hospitalization to determine which routine care variations reduce morbidity and shorten NICU stay. Providers use this evidence to standardize care pathways that can decrease complication-driven readmissions and costs, while payers monitor effectiveness to support value-based payment and length-of-stay benchmarks.
    • Longer-term outcomes and post-discharge follow-up cohort studies: observational or interventional studies assessing neurodevelopmental, respiratory, growth, and re-hospitalization outcomes through infancy and early childhood for survivors of extreme prematurity or neonatal RDS, often incorporating standardized developmental testing and health services utilization tracking. These studies follow cohorts discharged from the NICU to evaluate how in-hospital practices and early complications predict long-term functional status, need for ongoing respiratory support, or use of special services. Findings are important to providers for counseling and care planning and to payers and health systems for projecting long-term costs, designing transitional care programs, and assessing the value of NICU interventions beyond initial hospitalization.

    Related Codes

    789-NEONATES-DIED-OR-TRANSFERRED-TO-ANOTHER-ACUTE-CARE-FACILITY

    Neonates, Died or Transferred to Another Acute Care Facility: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    791-PREMATURITY-WITH-MAJOR-PROBLEMS

    Prematurity with Major Problems: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    792-PREMATURITY-WITHOUT-MAJOR-PROBLEMS

    Prematurity without Major Problems: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    793-FULL-TERM-NEONATE-WITH-MAJOR-PROBLEMS

    Full Term Neonate with Major Problems: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    794-NEONATE-WITH-OTHER-SIGNIFICANT-PROBLEMS

    Neonate with Other Significant Problems: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    795-NORMAL-NEWBORN

    Normal Newborn: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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    Mean Rates by Payer — National — DRG 790
    Mean Rates by Payer — Alaska — DRG 790