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    v1.0.28
    OpenPayerBilling CodesDiseases and Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective TissueDRG 458-spinal-fusion-except-cervical-with-spinal-curvature-malignancy-infection-or-extensive-fusions-without-cc-mcc
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    Spinal Fusion Except Cervical with Spinal Curvature, Malignancy, Infection or Extensive Fusions without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    DRG 458 addresses non-cervical spinal fusion procedures associated with spinal curvature, malignancy, infection, or extensive fusion when there is no Major Complication or Comorbidity; it defines the inpatient clinical scope and case mix for payment. This Diagnosis-Related Group matters for inpatient reimbursement because it determines the bundled payment level and reflects resource use for complex fusion surgeries without Major Complication or Comorbidity.

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    DRG 458 Overview

    DRG 458 covers inpatient admissions for posterior and other spinal fusion procedures excluding the cervical region when the case involves spinal curvature, malignancy, infection, or extensive fusion without a Major Complication or Comorbidity. This Diagnosis-Related Group aggregates higher-resource fusion surgeries that do not meet Major Complication or Comorbidity criteria but still have increased clinical complexity. It matters for Medicare payment because the grouping affects base reimbursement and resource-intensity classification for inpatient stays. Accurate coding of the underlying spinal pathology and the absence of Major Complication or Comorbidity is essential to proper assignment to this Diagnosis-Related Group.

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    Clinical Trials

    • Perioperative optimization and enhanced recovery protocols for extensive thoracolumbar spinal fusion: randomized or pragmatic trials testing multimodal pathways (including blood management, infection prevention bundles, and standardized analgesia) for adult patients undergoing non-cervical spinal fusion for deformity, malignancy, infection, or multilevel constructs. These studies focus on the immediate inpatient period to reduce operative blood loss, transfusion needs, length of stay, and surgical site complications in a high-risk, often older or medically complex population. Results inform providers about care processes that can decrease complications and inform payers about potential cost savings and readmission risk reductions associated with standardized perioperative care.
    • Comparative effectiveness research on surgical approaches and fusion extent for spinal deformity and tumor-related fusion: prospective cohort studies or randomized trials comparing posterior-only versus combined anterior-posterior approaches, different instrumentation strategies, or varying fusion levels in patients with spinal curvature, neoplastic involvement, or extensive fusions without CC/MCC. These studies enroll patients whose pathologies require non-cervical fusion and evaluate outcomes such as fusion success, neurologic function, reoperation rates, and in-hospital resource use. Findings help surgeons and hospital administrators select approaches that balance clinical benefit with operative time, implant costs, and complication profiles important for DRG-based reimbursement and resource planning.
    • Post-discharge functional outcomes, rehabilitation needs, and long-term resource utilization studies: longitudinal observational studies or registry analyses tracking functional recovery, pain control, discharge disposition (home vs. rehab/SNF), and subsequent healthcare utilization for patients after non-cervical extensive spinal fusion for deformity, infection, or malignancy. These studies target the subpopulation at risk for prolonged rehabilitation needs, recurrent admissions, or durable disability and measure metrics like time to independent ambulation, need for durable medical equipment, and post-acute care costs. Data guide case management, discharge planning practices, and payer strategies for bundled payments by identifying predictors of high post-discharge costs and modifiable factors to improve outcomes and reduce readmissions.

    Related Codes

    402-SINGLE-LEVEL-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL

    Single Level Combined Anterior and Posterior Spinal Fusion Except Cervical: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    426-MULTIPLE-LEVEL-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITH-MCC-OR-CUSTOM-MADE-ANATOMICALLY-DESIGNED-INTERBODY-FUSION-DEVICE

    Multiple Level Combined Anterior and Posterior Spinal Fusion Except Cervical with MCC or Custom-Made Anatomically Designed Interbody Fusion Device: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    427-MULTIPLE-LEVEL-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITH-CC

    Multiple Level Combined Anterior and Posterior Spinal Fusion Except Cervical with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    428-MULTIPLE-LEVEL-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

    Multiple Level Combined Anterior and Posterior Spinal Fusion Except Cervical without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    429-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-CERVICAL-SPINAL-FUSION-WITH-MCC

    Combined Anterior and Posterior Cervical Spinal Fusion with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    430-COMBINED-ANTERIOR-AND-POSTERIOR-CERVICAL-SPINAL-FUSION-WITHOUT-MCC

    Combined Anterior and Posterior Cervical Spinal Fusion without MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    447-MULTIPLE-LEVEL-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITH-MCC-OR-CUSTOM-MADE-ANATOMICALLY-DESIGNED-INTERBODY-FUSION-DEVICE

    Multiple Level Spinal Fusion Except Cervical with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    448-MULTIPLE-LEVEL-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITHOUT-MCC

    Multiple Level Spinal Fusion Except Cervical without MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    450-SINGLE-LEVEL-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITH-MCC-OR-CUSTOM-MADE-ANATOMICALLY-DESIGNED-INTERBODY-FUSION-DEVICE

    Single Level Spinal Fusion Except Cervical with MCC or Custom-Made Device: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

    451-SINGLE-LEVEL-SPINAL-FUSION-EXCEPT-CERVICAL-WITHOUT-MCC

    Single Level Spinal Fusion Except Cervical without MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

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    References

    1. 1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
    2. 2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
    3. 3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.
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