Coronary Bypass with Cardiac Catheterization or Open Ablation with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

DRG 233 encompasses coronary artery bypass grafting with simultaneous cardiac catheterization or open ablation when a Major Complication or Comorbidity is present; it captures high-acuity cardiac surgical admissions. Correct classification matters for inpatient reimbursement because the Diagnosis-Related Group assignment drives Medicare payment relativity based on expected resource intensity.

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DRG 233 Overview

DRG 233 covers hospital admissions for coronary artery bypass grafting performed with concurrent cardiac catheterization or open ablation procedures when a Major Complication or Comorbidity is present. It includes complex cardiac surgical care where significant additional resources are used due to the severity of the patients condition. This Diagnosis-Related Group is important for Medicare payment because the presence of a Major Complication or Comorbidity increases the relative weight and expected resource use for the inpatient stay. Accurate clinical documentation and coding determine assignment to this Diagnosis-Related Group and thereby affect reimbursement.

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Coronary Bypass with Cardiac Catheterization or Open Ablation with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

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DRG 233 Overview

National Payment Rates

National payer benchmarks for DRG 233 span from roughly $370 up to $270K across payers, with payer medians clustered between $64K and $120K depending on carrier. The widest spread between minimum and maximum observations is seen in Anthem’s data (from $390 to $270K). See the table and chart below for payer-specific quartiles and distributions.

The CMS 2023 data represent national Medicare fee-for-service inpatient payments published under the CMS Provider Utilization and Payment Data program. The table below shows average total payment, average submitted covered charges, average Medicare payment amount, and total discharges for DRG 233. These figures reflect payments and charges submitted to Medicare for the reporting year.

Average Total Payment	Average Submitted Charges	Average Medicare Payment	Total Discharges
$67K	$360K	$56K	10K

Patient Population

The DRG 233 population skews toward Medicare-age patients, with a substantial portion of discharges captured in Medicare fee-for-service data, though private/commercial payers also contribute a meaningful share of cases. This mix indicates a predominantly Medicare-age group with a non-negligible working-age component covered by commercial plans. The payer mix tends to reflect older adults as the primary cohort, supplemented by commercially insured patients.

State Payment Rates

State: Alaska1 / 49

Alaska Benchmarks

Alaska’s rate range across reported payers spans from a mean of $110K (Blue Cross Blue Shield and Anthem) up to $190K (Cigna), with Cigna showing a wide max value of $330K. The state’s most notable deviation from national averages is the elevated mean and high-end ceiling driven by Cigna versus typical national means near $100K–$120K. See the table and chart below for payer-level detail.

Key Insights for Alaska

Highest payer: Cigna at a mean of $190K; Lowest payer: Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) and Anthem at a mean of $110K.
Alaska’s mean rates skew higher driven by Cigna’s $190K ceiling (max $330K), a notable elevation versus national means where payers cluster around $100K–$120K.
BCBS/Anthem show compressed distributions with p25 at $35K and median $120K, indicating greater low-end variability compared with the state’s top payer.

Clinical Trials

Acute perioperative intervention trials: randomized or controlled studies testing intraoperative and immediate postoperative strategies to reduce complications for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed with concurrent cardiac catheterization or open ablation, such as protocols for myocardial protection, bleeding management, or perioperative anticoagulation strategies. The patient population includes high-acuity surgical patients with multivessel coronary disease and often concomitant arrhythmia procedures or invasive diagnostics, where interventions are targeted to reduce mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, and ICU stay. This research is relevant to providers and payers because improvements in perioperative complication rates and shorter critical care utilization directly affect short-term outcomes, readmission risk, and inpatient costs associated with this high-cost DRG.
Comparative effectiveness trials of revascularization and rhythm-control strategies: pragmatic studies comparing clinical pathways (for example, CABG plus staged versus simultaneous catheter-based coronary interventions, or CABG combined with surgical ablation versus CABG alone in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation) that evaluate major cardiovascular outcomes, functional status, and resource utilization. These trials enroll patients with multivessel coronary disease who require bypass and have coexisting arrhythmia or who undergo diagnostic catheterization prompting hybrid procedures; the goal is to define which approach yields the best balance of survival, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Results inform clinicians and payers about which strategies provide superior long-term value, helping guide guideline-based care, reimbursement policies, and bundled payment models for complex cardiac surgical episodes.
Post-discharge outcomes and systems-of-care studies: cohort studies and implementation research assessing post-acute recovery, rehabilitation needs, readmission drivers, and long-term graft patency or arrhythmia recurrence after CABG with catheterization or open ablation, including evaluation of care transitions, adherence to secondary prevention, and remote monitoring interventions. The studied population includes survivors after hospitalization who are at elevated risk for readmission, medication nonadherence, wound complications, or recurrent ischemic or arrhythmic events; research measures functional recovery, quality of life, and costs over months to years. These data are critical for providers and payers to design targeted discharge planning, allocate outpatient resources, and optimize value-based payment approaches by reducing preventable readmissions and long-term complications associated with this DRG.

Related Codes

209-COMPLEX-AORTIC-ARCH-PROCEDURES

Complex Aortic Arch Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

212-CONCOMITANT-AORTIC-AND-MITRAL-VALVE-PROCEDURES

Concomitant Aortic and Mitral Valve Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

213-ENDOVASCULAR-ABDOMINAL-AORTA-WITH-ILIAC-BRANCH-PROCEDURES

Endovascular Abdominal Aorta with Iliac Branch Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

215-OTHER-HEART-ASSIST-SYSTEM-IMPLANT

Other Heart Assist System Implant: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

216-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITH-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures with Cardiac Catheterization with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

217-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITH-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-CC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures with Cardiac Catheterization with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

218-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITH-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures with Cardiac Catheterization without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

219-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

220-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-CC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures without Cardiac Catheterization with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

221-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures without Cardiac Catheterization without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

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References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

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Trek Health ingests and normalizes Transparency in Coverage data and payer policy updates to give provider organizations a clear view of how commercial reimbursement behaves across markets, payers, and services. Our platform transforms raw payer disclosures into structured intelligence that supports contract evaluation, payer negotiations, and service line strategy. By combining market benchmarks with ongoing policy visibility, Trek helps teams identify variability, risk, and opportunity in commercial reimbursement. The result is faster insight, stronger negotiating positions, and more informed financial decisions.

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National Payment Rates

Mean Rates by Payer — National — DRG 233

Average Total Payment	Average Submitted Charges	Average Medicare Payment	Total Discharges
$67K	$360K	$56K	10K

Patient Population

State Payment Rates

State: Alaska1 / 49

Alaska Benchmarks

Mean Rates by Payer — Alaska — DRG 233

Key Insights for Alaska

Highest payer: Cigna at a mean of $190K; Lowest payer: Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) and Anthem at a mean of $110K.
Alaska’s mean rates skew higher driven by Cigna’s $190K ceiling (max $330K), a notable elevation versus national means where payers cluster around $100K–$120K.
BCBS/Anthem show compressed distributions with p25 at $35K and median $120K, indicating greater low-end variability compared with the state’s top payer.

Clinical Trials

Acute perioperative intervention trials: randomized or controlled studies testing intraoperative and immediate postoperative strategies to reduce complications for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed with concurrent cardiac catheterization or open ablation, such as protocols for myocardial protection, bleeding management, or perioperative anticoagulation strategies. The patient population includes high-acuity surgical patients with multivessel coronary disease and often concomitant arrhythmia procedures or invasive diagnostics, where interventions are targeted to reduce mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, and ICU stay. This research is relevant to providers and payers because improvements in perioperative complication rates and shorter critical care utilization directly affect short-term outcomes, readmission risk, and inpatient costs associated with this high-cost DRG.
Comparative effectiveness trials of revascularization and rhythm-control strategies: pragmatic studies comparing clinical pathways (for example, CABG plus staged versus simultaneous catheter-based coronary interventions, or CABG combined with surgical ablation versus CABG alone in patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation) that evaluate major cardiovascular outcomes, functional status, and resource utilization. These trials enroll patients with multivessel coronary disease who require bypass and have coexisting arrhythmia or who undergo diagnostic catheterization prompting hybrid procedures; the goal is to define which approach yields the best balance of survival, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Results inform clinicians and payers about which strategies provide superior long-term value, helping guide guideline-based care, reimbursement policies, and bundled payment models for complex cardiac surgical episodes.
Post-discharge outcomes and systems-of-care studies: cohort studies and implementation research assessing post-acute recovery, rehabilitation needs, readmission drivers, and long-term graft patency or arrhythmia recurrence after CABG with catheterization or open ablation, including evaluation of care transitions, adherence to secondary prevention, and remote monitoring interventions. The studied population includes survivors after hospitalization who are at elevated risk for readmission, medication nonadherence, wound complications, or recurrent ischemic or arrhythmic events; research measures functional recovery, quality of life, and costs over months to years. These data are critical for providers and payers to design targeted discharge planning, allocate outpatient resources, and optimize value-based payment approaches by reducing preventable readmissions and long-term complications associated with this DRG.

Related Codes

209-COMPLEX-AORTIC-ARCH-PROCEDURES

Complex Aortic Arch Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

212-CONCOMITANT-AORTIC-AND-MITRAL-VALVE-PROCEDURES

Concomitant Aortic and Mitral Valve Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

213-ENDOVASCULAR-ABDOMINAL-AORTA-WITH-ILIAC-BRANCH-PROCEDURES

Endovascular Abdominal Aorta with Iliac Branch Procedures: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

215-OTHER-HEART-ASSIST-SYSTEM-IMPLANT

Other Heart Assist System Implant: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

216-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITH-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-MCC

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219-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures with MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

220-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITH-CC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures without Cardiac Catheterization with CC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

221-CARDIAC-VALVE-AND-OTHER-MAJOR-CARDIOTHORACIC-PROCEDURES-WITHOUT-CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION-WITHOUT-CC-MCC

Cardiac Valve and Other Major Cardiothoracic Procedures without Cardiac Catheterization without CC/MCC: Inpatient Reimbursement Overview

Showing 1–10 of 100

References

1.CPT® Codes and Descriptions. AAPC. Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.Maintains the CPT code set's official descriptions and guidelines, licensed from the American Medical Association, used as the definitional source for CPT codes on this page.
2.HCPCS Quarterly Update. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's quarterly release of HCPCS Level II codes and short/long descriptors, the source for HCPCS code definitions and update history.
3.ICD-10-CM Full Code List. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Retrieved Aug 11, 2026.CMS's complete ICD-10-CM diagnosis code list, used to cross-reference diagnosis codes associated with this procedure or service.

Published by

Trek Health powers OpenPayer with a leading commercial payer intelligence platform, seamlessly converting fragmented payer data into actionable insights for provider organizations.